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Britain (Recruitment (How was it used? (Recruitment drives in Britain were…

- - - - As a consequence, the British had to rely on volunteers for military service until 1916 (whereupon conscription was introduced). The early drive and patriotism exhibited by the common British people led to phenomena such as the ‘Pals Battalions’ which were battalions composed of local men from the same group/city, etc. who chose to fight together. However, approximately 40% of volunteers were rejected medically and 1.5 million men were ‘starred’ (kept in essential positions within the workforce)
- - - - Influencing the reporting of the war around the world with the aim of gaining support and sympathy
    - - In addition to press reporting, states attempted
      - to influence opinion using a wide range of
      - pamphlets, cartoons, and longer books
- - - - Letters, newspapers were censored as military information in order to stop the enemy uncover their secrets and plans for war.
    - - Censorship of soldiers’ letters was undertaken by regimental ofﬁcers. Its main purpose was to avoid mention of operational details that might prove of value to the enemy. Forbidden information included references to locations, numbers of troops, criticism of superiors and even the weather (which might indicate the state of the trenches). However, letters were an important way to maintain morale and freedom of expression was widely indulged. In a letter to his sister, Lieutenant Henry Brundle reﬂected: “Censoring is interesting at ﬁrst but it rapidly becomes boring; no letter is allowed to leave without it having been read by an ofﬁcer and franked by him on the envelope; fortunately my platoon do not write very long letters though they write very often.
      - Censorship was also used in order to dismiss the true conditions of the war front to the readers as a complaint of soldiers about the hardships experienced during the time may lead to a shortage of soldiers as the parents and people would then stop further children from entering the war. Also the Government did not want the people to realise the bad conditions of war front and think that Britain may lose the war.
  - - - Censorship was also used in order to dismiss the true conditions of the war front to the readers as a complaint of soldiers about the hardships experienced during the time may lead to a shortage of soldiers as the parents and people would then stop further children from entering the war.
    - - Influence how people view the war
      - Also the Government did not want the people to realise the bad conditions of war front and think that Britain may lose the war.
      - Remove content portraying Britain as losing
- - - - In 1918, legislation intended to extend conscription to Ireland was opposed by a broad movement of Irish nationalists and the Catholic Church in Ireland. The central role of Sinn Féin in this movement boosted its popularity in the buildup to the November general election.
    - - The Derby Scheme was launched in autumn 1915 by the Earl of Derby, by then Kitchener's new Director General of Recruiting, to determine whether British manpower goals could be met by volunteers or if conscription was necessary. Each eligible men aged 18 to 41 who was not in a "starred" (essential) occupation had to make a public declaration. Each man was handed a letter from Derby explaining the programme, emphasizing that they were in "… a country fighting, as ours is, for its very existence ..." Face to face with the canvasser each man announced whether or not he would attest to join the forces – no one was permitted to speak for him.
- - - - German propaganda was also very matter of fact and in your face, even incorporating lots of nordic mythological imagery who’s images of dragons and valkyries were very much aligned with promoting a militaristic mindset
      - Mostly used propaganda in the form of posters, as well as press reporting
        
        States attempted to influence opinion using a wide range of pamphlets, cartoons, and longer books
      - It followed three main objectives: imposing social control by preventing disagreeable reporting through censorship; providing suitable information to newspapers and other publications; and preventing the home front’s infiltration with enemy propaganda
        
        These three objectives were mainly made due to a mistrust of the population as it was assumed that they would be easily swayed by enemy propaganda and thus had to be shielded from corrupting influences and educated to accept the desired interpretation of the war
        
        A second factor contributing to the shift in official German propaganda was the rise of Erich Ludendorff (1865-1937) in August 1916
        
        Inspired by the success of Allied propaganda films, he encouraged the establishment of the Image and Film Office (Bufa) which produced documentaries as well as fictional films and hosted archives for film and photo material
    - - Effective?
        
        Indeed, the primary manifestation of German home-front propaganda lay more in what was censored than what was said. German media was closely scrutinized by the government so that most of what the civilian population imbibed was positive. Defeats and setbacks were rarely revealed, which continually kept morale up→ this can be seen after the war where Germans still thought they were screw over
        
        Effective in its ability to sweep the German populace in a nationalistic fervour. Germany placed far less emphasis upon recruiting in its propaganda than did the allies but its military was still fairly large [at the beginning of the war]. The gvt also portrayed their struggle as defensive, gaining citizen favour.
      - Ineffective?
        
        Official German propaganda in August 1914 was largely improvised and lacked coordination. Propaganda films produced by the Bufa met a similar fate: although fictional war comedies or dramas had been popular in 1914, the blunt propaganda of official films was not well received by audiences in 1917.
        
        German propaganda lacked subtlety, and the use of organisations such as The Fatherland Corporation as publishers on propaganda books that they exported often gave the game away.
    - - Mobilise hatred against the enemy, convince the country of the justice of the cause, enlist the active support and cooperation of neutral countries.
      - SWAY PUBLIC OPINIONS - which so useful as it was key in the creation of public policies and the populace was needed to fuel the war ( war was v deterimental to public morale so needed to fuel in order to keep people from opposing)
        
        first poster: Calling public to supply rabbit furs! to aid army second poster: Influencing public opinion through fear tactics in a way- poster says This is how German lands would look if the French invaded