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Osteoblasts: a bone cell function: bone formation. location: growing…

- - - - Appositional growth : the cartilage model also grows in thickness Functional: increases width of growing bones Location: endosteal and periosteal surfaces
    - - Epiphyseal plate: sheet of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone Function: growth of long bone Location: in the metaphysis of long bone
        
        Medullary Cavity: What is it: central cavity of bone shafts. Location: in the main shaft of a long bone (hollow region in the diaphysis that contains yellow marrow Function: holds the bone marrow and is involved in the formation of red blood cells and white blood cells.
- - - - Collagen fibers: type of protein fiber Function: provides strength, cushioning
        Location: found all over the body , tendons, bones, and ligaments
      - Non- collagenous proteins: are a complex set of molecules that arise from local or exogenous sourcesFunction: helps form teeth Location: epiphysis of each long bone
    - - Blood vessels: tubular structure carrying blood throughout the tissues and organs Function: transport blood throughout the body Location: all throughout the body
    - - bone marrow : What is it: a soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are producedLocation:
        
        Red Bone marrow is found mainly in the flat bones such as hip bone, breastbone, skull, ribs, vertebrae and shoulder blades, and in the cancellous ("spongy") material at the proximal ends of the long bones femur and humerus.
        
        Yellow Bone marrow found in the medullary cavity in the shaft of long bones and is often surrounded by a layer of red bone marrow Function: - bone marrow is to generate blood cells.
        
        Medullary Cavity: What is it: central cavity of bone shafts. Location: in the main shaft of a long bone (hollow region in the diaphysis that contains yellow marrow Function: holds the bone marrow and is involved in the formation of red blood cells and white blood cells.
        
        Trabeculae: What is it: - lattice-like network of matrix spikes,thin columns and plates of bone that create a spongy structure in a cancellous bone, Location: ends of long bones and in the pelvis, ribs, skull, and vertebrae Function: provide structural support to the spongy bone found at the ends of long bones
        
        Diaphysis: What is it: the shaft or central part of a long bone.Location: Mid-section of a long bone. Function: houses osteoblasts that create bone material and osteoclasts that break down bone material.
        
        Metaphysis: What is the: narrow portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis Location: between the epiphysis and the diaphysis Function: - It contains the growth plate, the part of the bone that grows during childhood, and as it grows it ossifies near the diaphysis and the epiphyses. In an adult, the metaphysis functions to transfer loads from weight-bearing joint surfaces to the diaphysis
        
        Epiphysis:What is it: the end part of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft. Location: at the cartilaginous end of the articular surface or long bone secondary centre of ossification, distal Epiphysis is described as the rounded end of the bone, located at the end part of the diaphysis which is located away from the central point of the bone Function:It is composed of red bone marrow, the main producer of erythrocytes/red, its function is to uniformly distribute pressure across the joints to assist in easier mobility
        
        Spongy Bone: What is it- cancellous bone or trabecular bone, is a very porous type of bone, highly vascularized and contains red bone marrow Location: - at the ends of the long bones (the epiphyses), with the harder compact bone surrounding it. Function: very important for producing blood cells. Blood vessels within this tissue deliver nutrients to osteocytes and remove waste.
        
        Compact Bone: What is it also known as cortical bone,denser material used to create much of the hard structure of the skeleton location:makes up 80 percent of the human skeleton Function: forms a shell around cancellous bone and is the primary component of the long bones of the arm and leg and other bones, where its greater strength and rigidity are need. Mature compact bone is lamellar, or layered, in structure
        
        Hematopoiesis: What is it: production of bloods cells.Location: Red marrow of bones. Function: is the process through which the body manufactures blood cells (It occurs within the hematopoietic system)
      - Monocytes:What is it: White blood cell (largest) Location: formed in the bone marrow, they are released into our blood and tissues Function: fights off bacteria, viruses and fungi