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Periodicity (8.1: The Periodic Table (Reactivity (S-block: metals more…
Periodicity
8.1: The Periodic Table
Metals and Non-Metals
Red stepped line divides metals and non-metals and elements that touch this are semi-metals or metalloids such as silicone with metallic and non-metallic properties
s-, p-, d-, f- blocks
All elements with highest energy electrons in s-orbitals are in s-block and same with p- and d-blocks
Transition metals and d-block elements are not exactly the same. Sc and Zn are not trans metals as they do not form compounds where they have partly filled d-orbitals, a characteristic of trans metals
Origin: When elements are heated they give out light energy at certain wavelengths as excited electrons fall back to a lower energy level which causes lines to appear in the spectrum of light. The letters- s for sharp, p for principle, d for diffuse, f for fine
Groups have similar properties as same no. of electrons in outer shell and there are trends in properties as you go along a period
Reactivity
S-block: metals more reactive down a group, non-metals more reactive up a group
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Lanthanides are metals which aren't often encountered. Form +3 ions and have broadly similar reactivity
Actinides are radioactive metals. Only thorium and uranium occur naturally in the Earth's crust in anything more than
Helium usually placed above noble gases but not a p-block element. Hydrogen usually placed above group 1 but often on its own. Not similar to G1 as they are reactive metals and it is a gas but forms +1 charge. Sometimes above halogens as can form H- ions and covalent bonds
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