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Fertilization and conception (Pathophyseology (Conception occurs during…
Fertilization and conception
Defination
Conception is the time when sperm travels up through the vagina, into the uterus, and fertilizes an egg found in the fallopian tube
Conception and ultimately, pregnancy can involve a surprisingly complicated series of steps.
Everything must fall into place for a pregnancy to be carried to term.
Pathophyseology
Conception occurs during the part of a woman’s menstrual cycle called ovulation.
Doctors consider day 1 of a menstrual cycle the first day of a woman’s period.
Ovulation usually occurs around the midpoint of a woman’s menstrual cycle.
This would fall around day 14 in a 28-day cycle, but it’s important to remember that even normal cycle lengths can vary.
During ovulation, one of the ovaries releases an egg, which then travels down one of the fallopian tubes.
If there’s sperm present in a woman’s fallopian tube when this happens, the sperm could fertilize the egg.
Usually, an egg has about 12 to 24 hours where it can be fertilized by sperm.
Therefore, when the ovary releases the egg, sperm that are already present from intercourse a few days before could fertilize it.
if a woman has sex during the time the egg has been released, the sperm could fertilize the just-released egg.
Conception-related concerns
Conception requires several steps to come together
First, a woman must release a healthy egg.
Some women have medical conditions that prevent them from ovulating altogether.
A woman must also release an egg healthy enough for fertilization. A woman is born with the number of eggs she will have throughout her lifetime
High-quality sperm are also required to reach and fertilize the egg.
The place where conception occur
Sperm usually fertilizes the egg in the fallopian tube.
An egg takes about 30 hours to travel from the ovary down the fallopian tube
This is a pathway from the ovary to a woman’s uterus.
As the egg travels down the fallopian tube, it lodges in a specific portion called the ampullar-isthmic junction.
If the egg is fertilized, it will usually rapidly travel into the uterus and implant. Doctors call the fertilized egg an embryo
conception can result in pregnancy
After a sperm fertilizes an egg, cells in the embryo start to rapidly divide.
After about seven days, the embryo is a mass of multiplied cells known as a blastocyst.
This blastocyst will then ideally implant in the uterus.
As the egg travels through the fallopian tube before implantation, though, the levels of the hormone progesterone begin rising.
The increased progesterone causes the uterine lining to thicken.
Ideally, once the fertilized egg arrives in the uterus as a blastocyst embryo, the lining will be thick enough so it can implant