Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

TERRORISM EXAMPLES (KURDISH WORKER'S PARTY (CAUSES (The initial aim of…

- - - - Finding the way to a settlement is hard, as terrorist attacks continue and the PKK mounts increasingly length offensives.
      - Turkish forces have been fighting against the PKK as NATO and the US are hesitant to get involved and support either side.
      - Some on both sides are talking again of winning militarily and seem to have accepted many hundreds of dead each year as the cost, despite increasing public opinion that military action alone will not solve their mutual problem
      - " we support Turkey with assurance measures, including AWACS surveillance aircraft, naval patrols and exercises" - NATO Secretary General
      - Turkey has been shelling both Kurdish fighters
      - PKK leaders have repeatedly warned of a "total civil war" inside Turkey in retaliation for attacks against Syria's Kurds
    - - The Turkish government temporarily banned the words “Kurds”, “Kurdistan” or “Kurdish”
      - Oppressive laws that jail legitimate Kurdish politicians
      - Turkish Prime Minister, trying to engage with the legal Kurdish movement, takes its grievances into account and make it feel ownership over reforms
  - - - Turkey has fought PKK since 1984
    - - US
        
        Kurds were so vital in fight against Islamic state and its ultimate down fall. They are widely regarded as one of the most effective forces in the fight against IS
        
        US supported the idea of an independent state for the Kurds since World War one
        
        The US has pledged support for Kurdistan in the form of arms and ammunition
        
        US still wants to protect the Syrian - based Kurds from Islamic State and persecution but is hesitant to get involved in the situation in Turkey
      - NATO membership – Turkey is member so other members states don’t want to get involved
        
        "Turkey will play an essential role in NATO's security enhancement efforts" - NATO Secretary General 2018
        
        "valuable contributions to Euro - Atlantic security"
        
        Turkey is a highly valued ally for NATO for many reasons including its strategic geographical location, bordering Russia in the Black Sea but also Iraq and Syria to the south
        
        "We recognise that Turkey faces a difficult security situation, and NATO stands in solidarity with Turkey" - but will not intervene to support the ally state
      - The PKK while violent and detrimental to the security of citizens in Turkey, do not pose a huge threat to the international community like other international terrorist organisations
      - For so long a beacon of stability between Europe and the Middle East
- - - - Opposition to the government – Arab Spring (middle east state uprisings against governments)
    - - Sunnis took advantage of Arab Spring to overthrow the Alawite Assad regime which had been in power since 1960’s – had been killing anyone who opposed their rule (Assad interested in power over religion)
      - The Shiite Iraq government begins to kill Sunni's, who most of the Al Qaida is and they begin to fight back and take over cities for the Sunni's
    - - ISIS fighters, trying to set up territory to form an Islamic State which disregards political barriers
    - - Paris 2015
        
        Three suicide bombers struck outside a stadium during a football match, followed by several mass shootings and a suicide bombing at cafe's and restaurants --> killed 131 people
      - Nice 2016
        
        a 19-tonne cargo truck was deliberately driven into crowds of people during the French Independence Day resulting in the deaths of 86 people and the injury of 458 others
      - Germany 2016
        
        A truck was deliberately driven into the Christmas market leaving 12 people dead and 56 others injured
      - The spreads of democracy and western ideologies as well as companies.
      - Islamic State wants to create a Caliphate where citizens live under strict Islamic law
  - - - The US sold weapons to Kurdish forces to fight against Islamic State
      - In February 2019, President Donald Trump declared ISIS had been "100%" defeated, but experts disagree believing that IS is regrouping in an area of Syria which has been "long terrorised" while their government did nothing
      - Despite declaring to have destroyed ISIS, forces will continue operations against IS sleeper cells, 'a threat in the region, to the US and allies"
      - The killing or ensalving of thousands of members of the Yaxidi religious group, prompted a US-led coalition to begin air strikes on IS positions in Iraq in August 2014
      - In Syria, troops loyal to President Assad have battled the jihadist group with the help of Russian air strikes and Iran-back militiamen
      - The US led coalition has meanwhile supported the SDF - an alliance of Kurdish and Arab fighters
    - - Aid:
        
        The biggest UN humanitarian convoy to operate inside Syria has successfully distributed aid to 40,000 desperate people in a hard- to – access desert camp near the country’s south border, it was only the second time the UN has been able to reach the remote site from within Syria
      - UNSMIS
        
        A peacekeeping mission in Syria set up by the UNSC in response to the Syrian Civil War – resolution 2043 authorizes up to 304 unarmed military observers, plus an an appropriate civilian component
      - Over 60 countries are directly waging war against ISIL
  - - - Syrian government and ISIS are killing innocent Syrian citizens, UN Security Council proposed similar intervention as was successful in Libya in Syria but Russia and China refuse to allow intervention as they are allies with Syria and they have political and economic interests there
      - Russia has used their veto power to prevent action in Syria 8 time
    - - US officials believe IS may have 15,000 to 20,000 armed adherents in the region in sleeper cells that will return to insurgent roots while attempting to rebuild
      - The location of the groups's overall leader, is not known. But he has avoided being captured or killed
      - "enduring defeat" is not assured
      - If pressure on the group is not sustained, IS "could likely resurge in Syria within 6 - 12 months and regain limited territory
      - In Iraq, where the government declared victory in December 2017, IS had already "substantially evolved into a covert network" - UN Secretary General
  - - - IS grew out of al-Qaeda in Iraq in the aftermath of the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003