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Genetic abnormalities (Nursing intervention (Always apply sunscreen when…
Genetic abnormalities
Nursing intervention
Always apply sunscreen when going out to the sun.
Wear protective clothing, eg long sleeves or hat to protect the skin from direct sunlight.
Ensure you always wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from the sunlight.
Albinism
Definition
Is the disorder of the pigment where there is lack of melanin.
Bacterial infection
Risk factors
Broken skin
poor living conditions and hygiene
poor nutrition
ill health
immune suppresive therapy
nursing intervention( furuncle)
cloxacillin
floxapen
erythromycin
apply warm compresses to enhance suppuvation
haematological studies for full blood count (FBC) and culture aswell as swabs for culture
impetigo nursing intervention
cleance the skin with normal seline to remove crusts
use bactericidal soup
maintain personal hygiene
apply topical antibiotics as prescribed, penicillin.
Furuncle
An acute infection of a hair follicle (Boil)
caused by staphylococcus pyogens bacterium , may also be related to malnutrition or poor controlled diabetes.
clinical manifestations
red, tender nodule which becomes painful and swollen after few days.
common on the face , neck, axilla,back, forearm and groin
may rupture and discharge a purulent secretion.
folliculitis
infection of the hair follicle
Atiology and Pathophysiology
inflammation of the hair follicle caused by a staphylococcus, common in scalp, beard area and axilla.
clinical manifestations
small pustule at hair follicle opening
develops crusts
tender to touch
nursing intervention
cleance the affected area with with a medicated anti-microbial soap
avoid shaving the area
apply topical antibiotics as prescribed
Impetigo
Is the skin infection caused by beta haemolytic streptococci, common in children
aetiology and pathophysiology
caused by staphylococci, streptococci and s.aureas, is an acute contagious disease, common in pre-school children
clinical manidestation
begin as a vesicopustule that ruptures to form a red oozing erosion
affect the face,cheeks ,may spread to the whole body
infestations( Parasitic skin infestations)
caused by itch mite and lice
Scabies
causative factors and pathophysiology
infectious skin disease caused by a mite , sarcoptes scabie the mite burrows under the skin and penetrates the stratum corneum
clinical manifestations( scabies )
severe itching especially at night in between fingers , flexor surface of wrists
swelling and eruption of vesicles , which often become infected.
nursing management (scabies)
wash with tetmosol soap , benzyl benzoate (treatment repeated after 24 hours)
Rediculosis
caused by lice and parasites
clinical manifestations
itching and scratching
therapeutic and nursing management
barrier nursing for the infested person
decontamination of linen and clothing
treatment of mattresses and furniture with a special disinfectant.
fungal disease
nursing intervention
antifungal drugs
griseofulvin
fluconazole
lasimil
hair should be be cut , avoid sharing of combs and hats
take medication with fatty meals
wear cotton underwear , avoid wet swim suits
ensure a clean dry skin
tinea capitis
clinical manifestation
ringworm of the scalp may extend to the face
(TINEA) aetiology and pathophysiology
A fungal infection of the skin, hair and nails , caused by fungi ( microsporon trichophyton and epirdemophyton.
tinea cruris
ringworm of the groin may extend to the inner thigh and buttocks
tinea unguium
ringworm of the nails ( Chronic infection) nails become thickened , crumble and break easily and are lustless, with time the nail is destroyed.
Disorders of the nails
Paronychia
Definition
It is the infection around the finger .
Risk factors
Poor health and debility
Exposure to chemicals
Nursing assesment
Ask about any changes in the nails, such as splitting , breaking, discoloration and thickening.
Inspect the colour , length, configuration, symmetry, adherence to nail bed , cleanliness and note any ridging and clubbing , nails should be palpated for texture, firmless contour uniformitly.
Nursing diagnosis
Redness
Pain
altered comfort
swelling
exudate
lack of confidence
Essential health education
avoid excessive bathing or washing
use tepid water and mild soaps
nursing intervention
systemic antifungal drugs include gliseofuluin and fluconazole and lasimil.