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PREMENSTRUAL TENSION SYNDROME (Causes (Hormonal fluctuations., Disappear…
PREMENSTRUAL TENSION SYNDROME
Causes
Hormonal fluctuations.
Disappear with pregnancy.
Cyclic changes in hormones.
Menopause.
Chemical changes in the brain.
definition
Condition experienced by some women before menstruation that may include tiredness, irritability, anxiety, depression, headache, and stomachache.
Clinical manifestations
Constipation.
Fatigue.
Abdominal pain.
Food cravings, especially for sweets.
Abdominal bloating.
Pathophysiology
Levels of estrogen and progesterone increase during certain times of the month.
An increase in these hormones can cause mood swings, anxiety, and irritability.
Change in both sex hormone and serotonin levels at the beginning of the menstrual cycle.
Ovarian steroids also modulate activity in parts of your brain associated with premenstrual symptoms.
Serotonin levels affect mood. Serotonin is a chemical in your brain and gut that affects your moods, emotions, and thoughts.
Nursing management
Eating a balanced diet to improve your overall health and energy level, which means eating plenty of fruits and vegetables and reducing your intake of sugar, salt, caffeine, and alcohol.
Drinking plenty of fluids to ease abdominal bloating.
Sleeping at least eight hours per night to reduce fatigue.
Going to cognitive behavioral therapy, which has been shown to be effective.
Exercising to decrease bloating and improve your mental health.
Pharmacological management
Giving supplements, such as folic acid, vitamin B-6, calcium, and magnesium to reduce cramps and mood swings.
Diuretic to stop bloating and water weight gain.
Ibuprofen or aspirin, to alleviate muscle aches, headaches, and stomach cramping.