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INFLAMMATORY AND INFECTIOUS DISORDERS (Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)…
INFLAMMATORY AND INFECTIOUS DISORDERS
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Description
PID is not a condition by itself, but a clinical syndrome that describes simultanous infection of several organs in the female reproductive system, by several infective organisms
Pathophysiology
in most instances the infection is acute, whereby the infecting organisms colonise the vagina and cervix
causing a low grade vaginitis and cervicitis
subsequently the infection ascends to the uterus and fallopian tubes causing endometritis, salpingitis and oophoritis
causes
having sex without a condom
having multiple sexual partners
history of sexually transmitted infection
assessment and common findings
urinary frequency and urgency
nausea and vomiting
malodorous vaginal discharge
abnormal vaginal bleeding
diagnostic tests
white cell count more than 10000 per cm
raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate
wasserman reaction test may be positive denoting STI
cervical swab culture and sensitivity
laparoscopy to visualise the inflammed fallopian tubes
Nursing management
administer prescribed medication
provide plenty of water to drink especially in the presence of pyrexia
monitor and accurately record vital signs and provide care to promote comfort
using cloves, observe vaginal discharge by recording a pad check every time is changed
doing vulva swabbing
Essential health information
good personal hygiene
hands should be washed after each pad change and inspection
daily exercise and proper nutrition
councelling is necessary
Vulvitis
Essential health information
drink plenty of water to dilute urine and reduce its irritation
wear cotton absorbent underwear and change this daily
importance of wiping from front to back
good personal hygiene
Nursing management
an external application of low dosage steroid ointment when prescribed may be used
measures to relieve irritation should be employed such as sitz bath with 1:30 dilution of savlon to water at least twice a day
Diagnostic test
blood tests
routine urinalysis including culture and sensitivity
skin scrapings in cases of dermatitis
vulva swabs for culture and sensitivity
Assessment and common findings
soreness, and thickened or white patches
itching, redness, burning and swelling
Causes
irritation caused by: a yeast infection, synthetic underwear and douching
allergic reaction to: bubble baths, sanitary napkins, and spermicides
hygiene products such as perfumed toilet paper, vaginal sprays and laundry dertergents
Description
is an infection and inflammation of the vulva that is secondary to many conditions such as DM with glycosuria, and threadworm
Pathophysiology
and infective organisms that cause infection
it is therefore prone to irritants that break the continuity of the skin
may occasionally come into contact with faecal matter
the vulva is in constant contact with urine and where hygiene is poor