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Anti-inflammatory (Nursing Implications (implication (Do not give…

- - - - Dyspepsia, heartburn, epigastric distress, nausea
      - GI bleeding*
      - Mucosal lesions* (erosions or ulcerations)
- - - - Use to prevent uric acid production and prevent acute tumor lysis syndrome
      - Exfoliative dermatitis, stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal nercrolysis
    - - Nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase
        
        More selective for xanthine oxidase than allopurinol
        
        May pose a greater risk of cardiovascular events than allopurinol
    - - Inhibits the reabsorption of uric acid in the kidneys and thus increases the secreation ofuric acid
    - - Reduces inflammatory response to the deposits of urate crystals in joint tissue
      - Cause diarrhea
      - Used for short-term management or prevention of gout
      - May cause short-term leukopenia and bleeding into the GI or urinary tracts
  - - - Eating a diet rich in meat and seafood and drinking beverages sweetened with fruit sugar (fructose) increase levels of uric acid, which increase your risk of gout. Alcohol consumption, especially of beer, also increases the risk of gout.
    - - If you're overweight, your body produces more uric acid and your kidneys have a more difficult time eliminating uric acid.
    - - Certain diseases and conditions increase your risk of gout. These include untreated high blood pressure and chronic conditions such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and heart and kidney diseases.
    - - The use of thiazide diuretics — commonly used to treat hypertension — and low-dose aspirin also can increase uric acid levels. So can the use of anti-rejection drugs prescribed for people who have undergone an organ transplant.
    - - If other members of your family have had gout, you're more likely to develop the disease.
    - - Gout occurs more often in men, primarily because women tend to have lower uric acid levels. After menopause, however, women's uric acid levels approach those of men. Men are also more likely to develop gout earlier — usually between the ages of 30 and 50 — whereas women generally develop signs and symptoms after menopause.
    - - Experiencing recent surgery or trauma has been associated with an increased risk of developing a gout attack.
  - - - Some people may never experience gout signs and symptoms again. Others may experience gout several times each year. Medications may help prevent gout attacks in people with recurrent gout. If left untreated, gout can cause erosion and destruction of a joint.
    - - Untreated gout may cause deposits of urate crystals to form under the skin in nodules called tophi (TOE-fie). Tophi can develop in several areas such as your fingers, hands, feet, elbows or Achilles tendons along the backs of your ankles. Tophi usually aren't painful, but they can become swollen and tender during gout attacks.
    - - Urate crystals may collect in the urinary tract of people with gout, causing kidney stones. Medications can help reduce the risk of kidney stones.
  - - - Stay well-hydrated, including plenty of water. Limit how many sweetened beverages you drink, especially those sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup.
    - - Talk with your doctor about whether any amount or type of alcohol is safe for you. Recent evidence suggests that beer may be particularly likely to increase the risk of gout symptoms, especially in men.
    - - Low-fat dairy products may actually have a protective effect against gout, so these are your best-bet protein sources.
    - - A small amount may be tolerable, but pay close attention to what types — and how much — seem to cause problems for you.
    - - Choose portions that allow you to maintain a healthy weight. Losing weight may decrease uric acid levels in your body. But avoid fasting or rapid weight loss, since doing so may temporarily raise uric acid levels.