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Achalasia download (Signs and Symptoms (Difficulty swallowing solid and…
Achalasia
Definition
Abnormal function of nerves and muscles of the esophagus
Signs and Symptoms
Difficulty swallowing solid and liquid food
Sharp chest pain usually of unclear cause
Heartburn
Chest discomfort from esophageal dilation
Regurgitation of food that is retained in the esophagus
Intense pain or discomfort after eating
Diagnostic procedure
Perform an endoscopy
Esophageal manometry
Use x-ray to diagnose achalasia
Barium swallow
Risk factors
More common in people with autoimmune disorders.
middle and older age are at high risk
Cancer of the esophagus
autoimmune diseases
herpes infection and measles infection
Pathophysiology
Aberrant autoimmune response
leads to cytotoxic T-cell autoimmune antibodies
leads to Ganglionitis or loss of neurons
leads to Achalasia
Nursing care plan
Give medication as doctor prescribe
Monitor vital sign when it necessary
Encourage use of relaxation techniques
Evaluation of pains on a regular basis
Do suction of secretion when necessary
Measure and record the input and output.
