Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
COMPLICATIONS OF CIRRHOSIS (HEPATORENAL SYNDROME (CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS,…
COMPLICATIONS OF CIRRHOSIS
HEPATORENAL SYNDROME
MANAGEMENT
it has poor prognosis and maybe an end stage of liver disease and is suggestive of impeding death
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
oliguria
ascites
renal failure
anorexia
weakness and fatigue
DEFINITION
is a type of progressive kidney failure seen in people with severe liver damage most often caused by cirrhosis
HEPATIC ENCEPHALPPHATHY
DEFINITION
is a major complication of cirrhosis,which is due to rising levels of toxic substances normally metabolised and excreted by the liver
mainly ammonia and aromatic amino acids,management is same as cirrhosis
STAGES
prodomal
impeding hepatic encephalopathy
stuporous
coma
ASCITES
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
diet-salt must be avoided in order to reduce fluid retention
drugs-oral diuretics may be used to prevent patassium and sodium loss from long term use of diuretics and aldosterone blocking agent may be used
bed rest-nurse a patient in an upright position to relieve pressure on the damaged liver
paracentesis-removal of fluid from the peritoneal cavity
DEFINITION
accumulation of fluidin the peritoneal cavity resulting in a distended and heavy abdomen
PORTAL HYPERTENTION
DEFINITION
the structural changes in the liver from the cirrhotic process are accompinied by the compression and destruction of the portal and hepatic veins and sinusoids
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
x-ray tests and endoscopic examinations
blood tests
MANAGEMENT
give beta blockers as prescribed to reduce the pressure in varices and further reduce risk of bleeding
endoscopic therapy
maintain good nutritional habit
liver transplant is done in cases of end-stage liver disease
devascularisation
paracentesis
GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING
NURSING INTERVENTION
monitor and measure gastrointestinal secretions and record output
monitor haemotocrit and haemoglobin and report
assess level of conciousness 4 hourly
give small meals frequently
monitor closely for recurrence of bleeding and haemorrhage as bleeding can occur
monitor vital signs 4 hourly
DEFINITION
is related to bleeding tendencies secondary to altered clotting factors and ruprure of oesophageal or gasric varices
