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Disorders of the oesophagus (Achalasia (Nursing care plan (the nurse…
Disorders of the oesophagus
Oesophagial varices
General causes
Severe liver chirrosis
Thrombosis
Parasitic infection
Investigative procedures
Endoscopic axam
Imaging test
Capsule endoscopy
bloods test
Clinical Manifestations
Vomiting large amounts of blood
Lightheadedness
loss of consciousness in severe cases
Black, tarry or bloody stools
Diet therapy
soft diet
Definition
Abnormal veins in the lower part of the tube running from the throat to the stomach.
Nursing care plan
Assess level of consciousness
monitor and measure gastrointestinal secretions
feed the patient using an NG tube
Pathophysiology
blood flows into smaller blood vessels that aren't designed to carry large volumes of blood.
vessels can leak blood or even rupture, causing life-threatening bleeding
develop when normal blood flow to the liver is blocked by a clot or scar tissue in the liver.
Achalasia
Investigative procedures
Upper endoscopy
X-rays of your upper digestive system
oesophageal manometry
Diet therapy
Soft diet meals
Eat meals with water for a smooth flow
General causes
the causes are unknown
Theories on causation invoke infection
An abnormality of the immune system that causes the body itself to damage the esophagus
Nursing care plan
the nurse should encourage the patient to chew food properly
the patient should be on an upright position at night to prevent the reflux of food
fluid with meals to facilitate passage of food
frequent doses of prescribed antiacids
Clinical manifestations
Chest discomfort from esophageal dilation and/or retained food
Sharp chest pain usually of unclear cause
Difficulty in swallowing both liquids and food
Pathophysiology
the esophagus loses the ability to squeeze food down
the muscular valve between the esophagus and stomach (lower esophageal sphincter) doesn't fully relax
occurs when nerves in the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus) become damaged
making it difficult for food to pass into your stomach.
Definition
The lack of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax and the presence of abnormal motility in the remainder of the esophagus
treatment
muscle relaxants such as nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) or nifedipine (Procardia) before eating
surgery: Fundoplication
Pneumatic dilation
administer nitrates which will help relax the lower oesophageal sphincter and calcium channel blockers