Ulcerative Colitis ulcerative colitis

Definition

Condition in which interminent inflammation and

Ulceration of the mucosa of the colon occurs

Causes

Infectious agents

Food additives

Pesticides

Radiation

Tobacco

Heredity, genetic disorders

Pathophysiology

Inflammantory process is often continues

It is superficial but may extend over a large area

And necrosis

Characteristics lesions form in the crypts of lieberkuhn

With oedema and multiple areas of desquarnation

Found in the base of mucosal layer

Often presents as diffuse inflammation of colonic mucosa

And eventually form crypt abscess

Clinical manifestations

Diarrhoea

Noctural diarrhoea

Dehydration and weight loss

Amount of blood in stool is present

Anorexia and vomiting

Tachycardia, hypotensive and tachypnoea

Diagnostic tests

Sigmoidoscopy

X-ray

Heamatological studies

Pharmacological treatment

Cyclosporine

Corticosteroids

ANti-inflammantory

Infliximab

Antibiotics

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Nursing intervetion

relief pain with analgesics as prescribed

Control diarrhoea

Improve nutrition

Relieving anxiety

Enhance coping mechanisms

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Avoid lactose in milk

Avoid caffeine

Avoid highly spiced food

Eat fibre supplements to control diarrhoea