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DYSMENORRHOEA (RISK FACTORS (Early age at menarche (< 12 years),…
DYSMENORRHOEA
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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
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digestive problems, such as diarrhoea or constipation.
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premenstrual symptoms, such as tender breasts and a swollen abdomen, which may continue throughout the period.
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NURSING MANAGEMENT
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Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate, which relaxes uterine contractions, can be used to treat dysmenorrhoea.
Acupuncture gives relief from pain and has been found to be effective for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea.
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Prostaglandins seem to be involved to a large extent in the development of the myometrial hyperactivity. Other mechanisms of possible importance such as ovarian hormones, cervical factors, vasopressin, nerves, and psychological factors can well act ultimately through prostaglandin release but an action directly on the myometrium and blood flow may also occur.