Abnormal enlargement of the veins

Hepatitis

Blood clot(thrombosis)

Severe liver scarring(cirrhosis)

Parasistic infection

Blood seek other part ways through smaller veins

Thin-walled vein ballooned

Pressure increased within the portal vein

The is added blood in veins

Blood flow begin to backup

Vein rupture and bleed

Blood flow blockage to liver

Restore loss blood volume by blood transfussion

Give antibiotics to prevent infection

Place pressure on varices to stop bleeding

Asses level of consciousness 4 hourly

Tie off bleeding vein by elastic bonds

Monitor and measure gastro intestinal secretion

Administer betablockers to reduce pressure in portal vein

Encourage non straining during involuntary activities

Give small meals frequently

Record output of emisis and stool

Reduce anxiety

Test respiratory complication

Monitor patient closely for recurring bleeding