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ACUTE PANCREATITIS acute-pancreatitis1 (CAUSES (Penetrating ulcers,…
ACUTE PANCREATITIS
DEFINITION
Sudden inflammation of the pancreas
CAUSES
Penetrating ulcers
Radiotherapy
Carcinoma of the head of pancreas
Biliary pancreatitis due to gallstones
Metabolic disorders
Abdominal trauma
Increased intake of alcohol
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Nausea and vomting
Fever
Severe epigastric pain
Hemodynamic instability including shock
Loss of appetite
Respiratory distress
Peritonitis
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Activated enzymes then attack the pancreas
Pancreatic cells are irritated which leads to inflammation
When acute pancreatitis occurs over and over again it leads to chronic pancreatitis
Pancreatic enzymes are thus activated inside the pancreas instead of the small intestine
Pancreatic secretory transport obstructs
Loss of intracellular and extracellular compartmentation
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
Abdominal ultrasound to detect for gallstones
Endoscopic ultrasound to visualize blockages in the pancreatic duct
CT Scan to search for gallstones and inflammation
MRI to visualize abnormalities in the pancreas
PHARMACOTHERAPY
Fentanyl
Meperidine
Hydromorphone
Morphine
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Rest the bowel by restriction oral feeding
Administer 30% oxygen
Fluid replacement
DIET THERAPY
Flax milk and almond milk
Whole grains
Lean meat, beans lentils
