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Haemorhoids (Causes (Alcoholism, Pregnency, Hereditory factors, Prolonged …
Haemorhoids
Causes
Alcoholism
Pregnency
Hereditory factors
Prolonged sitting or standing
Portal hypertension
Chronic constipation or diarrhoea
Infections of the anal area
Rectal surgery
Anal intercourse
Pathophysilogy
Superior haemorrhoids veins do not contains valves
Therefore vulnerable to overdistention in upright position
Intra abdominal pressure causes engagement in vascular tissue
With age theres deterioration of anchoring connective tissue
External haemorrhoids may become thrombosed
And cause bleeding with defecation
Signs and symptoms
constipation and anal itching
Bleeding during defecation
sensation of incomplete faecal ecavuation
pains in external haemorrhoids
Infection or ulceration and mucus discharge
Nursing care plan
prevent constipation by eating high fibre diet
Avoid prolonged period of standing or sitting
warm site bath 2-3 times daily
Apply warm compresses for comfort
Control itching by improving anal hygiene
Defination
vascular masses of dilated haemorrhoidal vein
Occur on external or internal spincter
Diagnostic procedure
Visualisation by external examination and anoscope
Barium enema or sigmoidoscopy