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Interventions :champagne: (Social (Psychoeducation (The education about a…
Interventions :champagne:
Biological
Biological interventions
Anti-Anxiety benzodiazepine
A group of medications used in the short term treatment of phobic anxiety; they enhance GABA- induced inhibition of over excited neurotransmitters, resulting in calming nervous activity
Relaxation techniques
Relaxation techniques such as:
Breathing retraining:
the process of identifying incorrect breathing habits and replacing them with correct ones
Exercise:
when experiencing stress, naturally occurring hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline are released, exercise burns these natural chemicals and reduces stress and anxiety.
Mental health benefits of exercise:
an increase in alertness and concentration
a boost in confidence and self-esteem
release of endorphins
improved sleep
distraction from worries and rumination
increased social interaction which can create supportive networks
Psychological
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
Uses a range of cognitive behavioural therapies and learning principles to help people change unhelpful or unhealthy thought processes, feelings and behaviour.
Common CBT therapy techniques include; relaxation training (calming the mind and body in the presence of phobic stimulus), flooding (exposing to feared stimulus all at once with no buffer), imaginal flooding (exposure to feared stimulus in imagination rather than real-life, therapist describe fearful situation in detail).
Purpose of CBT in treating phobia is to challenge the irrational and negative thoughts, and replace them with realistic thoughts and examine related behaviours.
Systematic Desensitisation
Also known as graduated exposure, is a type of behavioural therapy whereby an individual with a phobia or fear is exposed to the fear producing object, activity or situation very slowly, by degrees, under relaxed conditions until the fear response is extinguished.
Uses classical conditioning principles to unlearn or extinguish the association the person has made and to learn a new relaxed response.
Systematic desensitisation is based on reciprocal inhibition, where one emotional state is used to block another; as it is impossible to be anxious and relaxed at the same time.
Social
Psychoeducation
The education about a mental illness such as the nature of the illness, its treatment and management strategies
Offered to phobic person as well as their friends and families
Teaches how to develop strategies to deal with it, one of the first steps in cognitive behavioural therapy
Goal is to help educate friends and family and reduce stigma
Needs to be taught relaxation techniques etc
Challenging unrealistic or anxious thoughts
Fortune telling
"Its spring so bees are out, if I go outside I will get stung"
Overgeneralisation
"I saw a person get bitten by a dog once so all dogs are dangerous"
Catastrophising
"If this plane goes through turbulence it will crash"
Friends and family members help challenge these thoughts, there are specific questions which can be asked
Whats the probability of that actually happening?
Is there any evidence to support that thought?
Is there a more realistic way of looking at the situation?
not encouraging avoidance behaviours
Avoidance behaviours: behaviours that attempt to prevent exposure to the fear-provoking object, activity or situation
Considered maladaptive: not adjusting adequately or appropriately to the environment or situation
The absence of fear becomes a reward and encourges the behaviour
Friends and family should provide gradual exposure until maladaptive behaviours become extinct