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The Colonial Foundations 1492-1880's (AZTECS (Achievements (Military…
The Colonial Foundations 1492-1880's
MAYAS
Occupied
Yucatán Peninsula
Southern Mexico
Guatemala
Civilization
500 B.C.E.
Achievments
Architecture
Esculpture
Painting
Writing
Mathematics
Astronomy
Chronology
Organization
City-states
Population + 200,00
Complex social order
Disappear
Reasons Unknown
Toltec invaders
Descendants
Southern Mexico
Guatemala
AZTECS
Ubication
Central Valley of Mx
Ex-Chichimec tribes
subdue Toltecs
Warriors
Tenochtitlan 1325
CDMX
Achievements
Military Org.
City-building
Inferior Art
Beautiful haunting poetry
Society
Rigidly stratified
Slaves
Hereditary nobility
Mainly
Education
Marriage
Labor
Moctezuma II
Conquerors
Conquereds = Tribute-paying vassals
Tlaxcaltecs
Allowed war rivals
for human sacrifice
INCAS
Organization
Defeated = parts of the empire
Inca defeated nobels= royal guests
Rebels
controlled
Loyal followers
Disciplined bureaucracy
Local officials
Top rulers
Empire
3000 Andes miles
Ecuador-Perú-Chile
Ubication
Cuzco Valley
Expantion
1400's-1532
Achievements
Enginery
Road system
Animals
Humans
No wheels
Agriculture
Irrigation system
Terraced on mountains sides
Textile
Health
Head injuries
Trepanning human skull skills
EUROPEANS
Conquerors
skills
Navigation
Pilotage
adaptation of ships
Coastal-Open Ocean
Weaponry
Expansion
Economy
Enterprises
Maritime
Military
Powers
Spain
Pursuing the Unknown
Catholic Monarchies
Portugal
SPANISH AMERICA
Conquerors
Hernán Cortés
Win Social Status
550 men
16 horses
Tlaxcaltecs
Gunpower
Mexico
Takeover-1521
Francisco Pizarro
Perú
Civil War
Inca Atahualpa
Takeover- 1533
El Dorado dream
hoard of gold and silver
Ferdinand & Isabella
Wealth
strengthen their power
Serve god and the King
Get rich
Noble rank
Missioners
save souls
New World Order
Spanish designs
society
cities
White Men domination
Indian women consorts
Mestizos
Mexico
Central America
Andean Countries
Patriarchal society
MACHISMO
Bureaucracy = Control
Institutions
Council of the Indies
Viceroyalty
Viceroy
Mexico First
New Spain
Perú Second
Church
Archbishop
Officials of the Inquisition
Flexibility
Autonomous
"Obedezco pero no cumplo"
300 years
Legitimation
Divine law
The will of god
Be less fallible
Roman Catholic doctrine
Natural law
Human law
Economy
Enhance State Power
Gold & Silver
state control
Commerce
Indian labor
"NEW LAWS"
Population
Native Decline
Diseases
Influenza
Measles
Smallpox
Importation
African slaves
Cuba
Brazil
Ethnic Components
Indians
Mulattoes
Europeans
Most Powerful
Mestizos
Peninsulares vs Criollos
Africans
COLONIAL SOCIETY
1580
New powers
Dutch
French
Leader power
Spain decline
Ethnic changes
Criollo majority
Key sectors
Commerce
Mining
ownership
Haciendas
rural community
growth
Mestizos
Mixed-blood
Blacks
Peninsulares
Upper-level positions
PORTUGUESE AMERICA
Royal House of Aviz
European leader explorer
Skills
Cartography
Navigation
Treaty of Tordesillas
Spain + Portugal
Pedro Alvares Cabral
Brazil
Small native groups
Tupí Guaraní
Venezuela-Paraguay
Cannibals
Semi Nomadic
No silver neither gold
Brazilwood
Granted lands
Military men
Economy
Cattle raising
Bandeirantes
Gold mines
Diamonds
Cotton
Coffee
Society
Whites + mulattoes
Black majority
Brazilian landowners vs Portuguese merchants
Imperial bureaucracy
protection from
French
British
Landowners
Sugar
work force
Natives
African Slaves
Dutch invaders
Town Councils
Exports taxes
Sharon Michel Villalobos Pizarro
A01653758
Bibliography: Skidmore, T. (2005). Modern Latin America. New York: Oxford University Press. P. 15-26.
