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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Traumatic brain injury is a serious form…

- - - - Subdural
        
        A subdural haematoma occurs due to bleeding between the dura mater and the arachnoid layer of the meninges.This is associated with trauma to the brain tissue and the blood vessels. These haematomas can be acute, subacute, or chronic.
      - Epidural
        
        An epidural haematoma occurs due to bleeding between the dura and the inner surface of the skull. This type of haematoma is associated with a linear fracture across a major artery in the dura, creating a tear. This tear causes a haemorrhage in to the epidural space. Because this is an arterial haemorrhage, the haematoma develops rapidly.
      - Intracerebral
        
        This occurs due to bleeding within the brain, and usually occurs within the frontal and temporal lobes. This can be caused by ruptured vessels when the injury occurred.
    - - Lacerations can occur due to open and depressed fractures, as well as penetrating injuries. This involves the tearing of brain tissue, causing severe tissue damage.
    - - A contusion is bruising of the brain tissue. This is generally caused by blunt trauma. These areas of the brain can continue to bleed and re-bleed. Contusions may contain areas of infarction, haemorrhage, oedema, and necrosis.
  - - - A concussion occurs due to a sudden head injury, effecting neuronal activity and the level of consciousness. This is a minor diffuse injury, and doesn't always result in loss of consciousness.
    - - Diffuse axonal injury occurs after mild, moderate of severe trauma to the brain, and causes widespread axonal damage. This causes damage to the axons of the basal ganglia, brainstem, subcortical white matter of the cerebral cortex, and the thalamus. The trauma changes the function of the axons, resulting in swelling and disconnection