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Physiology of menstrual cycle (Definition: (it is characterised by monthly…
Physiology of menstrual cycle
Definition:
it is characterised by monthly bleeding commencing at puberty
the first period when of menstruation is known as menarche
Periodic shedding of the endometrium of the uterus
OVARIAN CYCLE:
FOLICULLAR PHASE
forming a cyst-like structure called Graafian follicle
the ovary also secrete oestrogen at this stage
Follicle Stimulating Hormone influences the enlargement of mature ovum
Graafian follicle migrates from the centre of the ovary to the surface where it bursts
releasing an ovum to the peritoneal cavity
process is called ovulation
the ovum now called the oocyte finds it way into the fallopian tube to the uterus
duration is 10-14 days
LUTEAL PHASE
corpus luteum secretes progesterone
progesterone prepares the endometrium in readiness for the reception of the fertilised ovum
by stimulating the proliferation of endometrium cells for the endometrium to be thick
and increase its blood supply
The ruptured follicle heals and forms a yellowish scar called corpus luteum
UTERINE CYCLE
PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
the increase of FSH and oestrogen secretion result in the proliferation of the endometrium
which become thick with increased blood supply
During follicular phase of ovarian cycle
in readiness for the reception of the embryo should the oocyte is fertilised
SECRETORY PHASE
secretory phase is maintained by the production of luteanising hormone
and progesterone by corpus luteum
this phased is marked by the endometrium reaching it peak thickening levels and vascularisation
should fertilisation fail to occur, the FSH, LH, oestrogen and progesterone levels decrease
unfertilised oocyte disintegrates
the endometrial layer becomes haemorrhagic and is shed in a process of menstruation