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conditions of the reproductive system (abortions (phathophyisiology (for…
conditions of the reproductive system
abortions
risk factors
age
hormonal disorders impaction on menstruation and the uterine environment
incompetent cervix
uterine fibroids
uterine trauma
causes
foetal causes
multiple pregnancies
a foetus with an ABO blood incompatibility problem
foetal abnormalities that are incompatible with life such as anencephaly
maternal causes
uterine structural abnormalities such as retroversion of the uterus or double uterus
an incompetent cervix
trauma to the abdomen and pelvis
assessment and common findings
history of having missed one or more consecutive menstrual periods
dull back pain that has been lingering for some time or sudden lower abdomen pain
vaginal bleeding that may have been sudden and mild ,moderate or severe
phathophyisiology
for an abortion to occur the uterus must contract
blood may gush or ooze depending on the stage of the condition
through all this cervix may remain closed
vaginal bleeding increases
the cervix becomes soft and cervical os progressively dilate
the expulsion of the uterine contents follow
should the foetus , membranes and placenta be completely expelled abortion is said to be complete
management
caring for the patient undergoing abortion
provide privacy
provide prescribed medication
monitor progress
before discharge contraceptive methods should be discussed
management post voluntary termination of pregnancy
postoperatively , the patient should be observed for bleeding
vital signs should be monitored
good personal hygiene should be encouraged
pharmacological management
doxcycline
azithromycin
flagyl
progesterone blocker
infertility
assessment and findings
history of contraceptive use
previous pregnancies ,abortions, ectopic pregnancies live and still births
previous pelvic infections
history of other illnesses and previous and current medication
risk factors
age
uterine fibriods
uterine trauma
incompetent cervix
management post hysterectomy
manage pain as it may cause undue bleeding
observe dressing on the operated site and if soaked in blood
ensure that the prescribed fluid replacement is administered
phathophyisiology
uterine congenital or acquired defects
affect endometrium or myometrium
may be associated with primary infertility or with pregnancy wastage and premature delivery
causes
causes in females
endometrium lining in the uterus e.g.endometriosis
ovulatory and hormonal disorders
structural abnormalities of the uterus and ovarian tubes
causes in males
semen volume e.g. inadequate production ,volume or density
motility and morphology structure of sperms
blockage of the vas deferens due to infection
pharmacological management
clomid or serophene
injectable human chorionic gonadotrophin
injectable follicle stimulating hormone