Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Peace Treaties: 1919 - 1923 (The Treaty of Trianon: Hungary (Land…

- - - - Germany was virtually bankrupt
        
        National income was about one-third of what it had been in 1913
        
        War left 600,000 widows and 2 million children without fathers and by 1925 the state was spending one third of its budget for war pensions.
        
        Industrial production was about two thirds of what it had been in 1913.
      - The war had deepened divisions in German society.
        
        There were huge gaps between the living standards of the poor and the rich
        
        Many German workers were bitter at the restrictions of their earning whilst the factory owners were earning vast fortunes
        
        During the war women were called up to work in the factories which people saw as damaging to society.
      - Germany had a revolution and became an unstable democratic republic
        
        Stress from the war caused a revolution in October - November 1918
        
        Many ex soldiers and civilians and despised the new democratic leader and came to believe that Hindenburg had been betrayed by weak politicians
    - - Around 250,000 buildings have been destroyed
      - About 8000 square miles of farm land have been devastated
      - Around 60% of France's young men have been killed or injured
      - Rationing during the war
      - Want revenge badly.
    - - 1 million killed
      - Propaganda posters with slogans like 'once a German, always a German' were popular
      - Rationing during the war
      - Economy badly affected
      - However, territory had not been threatened, and no prior disagreements with Germany.
    - - Only 73000 killed
      - Joined war 3 years after other countries
      - Fighting occurred far away, so the country was much less invested in the war
      - No prior disagreements with Germany
  - - - 54% of its industry
      - 26% of its railways
      - 32% of its agricultural land
      - 89% of its coalmines
      - 34% of its population
      - 300 million gold roubles
  - - - France had suffered enormous damage to its land, industry, people - and self-confidence. Over two-thirds of the men who had served int he French army had been killed or injured. The war affected almost an entire generation. Many French people were still scared of the powerful and threatening seeming Germany.
      - Clemenceau wanted to make Germany pay huge reparations to weaken them and also to help pay for the damage done in France.
      - Clemenceau wanted to cripple Germany, to make it pay and to stop it ever invading France again. They thought this may be a threat because they were neighbours, and France had already been invaded twice.
    - - Middle ground between Clemenceau and Wilson
      - He wanted Germany to be punished but not too harshly
      - He wanted Germany to lose its many and its colonies because Britain thought that they threatened the British empire.
      - He did not want Germany to seek revenge and start another war. He also wanted Britain to be able to begin trading with Germany again, as before the war Germany had been Britain's second largest trading partner.
    - - Wilson was seen as an idealist, wanting to build a better and more peaceful world from the ruins of the Great War.
      - He believed that Germany should be punished, but not harshly as he didn't want them to take revenge in the future.
      - He believed nations should co-operate to achieve world peace. He published his Fourteen Points to help achieve this, one of which was setting up the League of Nations.
      - He believed in self-determination, that nations should rule themselves, and so wanted Germany's colonies to be free.
- - - - Britain got: Togoland, Cameroons, German South West Africa, German East Africa, German New Guinea
      - France got: Togoland, Cameroons
      - Japan got: Mariana Islands, Caroline Islands, Marshall Islands