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HYPERTENSION "THE SILENT KILLER" (DIAGNOSIS (Measurement of BP…
HYPERTENSION
"THE SILENT KILLER"
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Increase in circulating blood volume
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)
Sustained increase in peripheral resistance
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
Arteriolar vasoconstriction
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Affects > 2/3 of those over age 60
Affects 1 of 3, or 75 million Americans
Costs the U.S. $48.6 billion/year
Primary or Contributing cause of >1,100 deaths/day
RISK FACTORS
Obesity
Smoking/Excessive alcohol consumption
Age
Family Hx
African American
DIAGNOSIS
Measurement of BP on 2 separate occasions
24 hr BP monitoring
H&P
CBC, UA, CMP
Physical exam
Cardiovascular risk evaluation
End-organ damage evaluation
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
S/S specific to organs/tissue affected
Elevated high BP
No S/S in early stages
TREATMENT
Diet modification- < salt
Stop smoking
Exercise
Depends on severity
Weight loss
Medication