“Renal disease might be both a cause and consequence of hypertension, forming a vicious circle whereby hypertension causes kidney damage, which then exacerbates the high blood pressure. Hypertensive nephrosclerosis is characterized by arterial wall thickening, loss of renal autoregulation, glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis” (Mullins, et al., 2016).