Inflammatory and infectious disorders
Cervicitis
Defination
Is an inflammation of the cervix.
Symptoms
Vaginal discharge with unpleasant odor.
Painful urination.
Pain during intercourse.
Lower abnormal pain with backache.
Vaginal bleeding.
Causes
Diagnostic test
Sexual intercourse.
Childbirth.
Abortion.
Allergic reactions.
Bacterial overgrowth.
Pelvic exam.
Specimen collection.
Pathophysiology
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Defination
Symptoms
Is an infection of the female reproductive organ.
Lower abdominal pain.
Heavy vaginal discharge.
Urinary frequency.
Fever.
Nausea and vomiting.
Causes
Gonorrrhea.
Chlamydia.
Streptococci.
Staphylococci.
Pathophysiology
In most cases the infection is acute.
The infecting organism colonise the vagina and cervix causing low grade vaginitis and cervicitis.
The infection ascends to the uterus and fallopian tubules causing endometritis, salpingitis, and oophoritis.
Salpingitis and oophoritis are most noticeable as it cause tube to be oedematous.
Diagnostic studies
Laparoscopy.
Ultrasound.
Cervical swab culture.
Pharmacological management
Ovaries become inflamed and oedematous.
Administer antibiotics.
Monitor vital signs.
Maintain patient's personal hygiene.
Promote comfort.
Health education
Vulvitis
Defination
Symptoms
Irritation of the vulva.
Discomfort.
Pruritus.
Pain during sexually intercourse.
Is an inflammation and infection of the vulva.
Causes
Infection.
Irritants.
Vaginal douches.
Allergies.
Pathophysiology
This might occur as vulvovaginitis with vaginitis.
It might be infectious or non-infectious causes.
It usually affect warm and moist condition of the vulva.
It usually affect postmenopausal women as compare to women in their menstruation.
This is because the level of oestrogen is lo which make the vulva thin and dry.
Diagnostic test
Vulva swabs.
Blood test.
Urinalysis.
Skin scrapings.
Health education
Personal hygiene.
Important of wiping from front to back after using toilet.
Advise patient to cotton absorbent underwear.
Drinking of plenty water.
Pharmacological assessment
Mastitis
Defination
Is the inflammation and infection of breast tissue.
Causes
Blocked milk duct.
Bacteria entering the breast.
Symptoms
Breast swelling.
Generally feeling ill.
Breast tenderness.
Skin redness.
Single cysts.
Pathophysiology
In fibrocystic breast condition the duct dilate and cysts form.
Cysts can be microscopic in diameter.
Pharmacological management
Administer antibiotics.
Administer pain relieves.
Self-care.
Encourage daily exercise.
Proper nutrition.
Promote personal hygiene.
Practise safe sex.
Diagnostic test
Somatic cell count.
Linear score.
Milk culture.
Health education
Fully drain the milk from the breast while breast-feeding.
Allow your baby to completely empty one breast before switching to the other.
Change the position you use to breast-feed from one feeding to the next.
Make sure your baby latches on properly during feedings.
Trapped breast milk.
Depend on etiology agent and the physiological state of the patient.
Under influence of oestrogen the normal vaginal epithelium cornifies making it resistant to infectious agents.
Endocervix which is lined by columnar epithelium is susceptible to infectious agents leading to cervicitis.
Health education
Promote daily baths.
Promote personal hygiene.
Use condoms to reduce risk of cervicitis.
Nursing management
Cervical pap smear done.
Sexual partner must be contacted and put on treatment.
Antibiotics must be given.
Antiviral medication.
Sits bath.
Steroids ointment.
Antibiotics.
Nursing care plan
Advise patient to avoid strenuous activities.
Patient should be in a comfortable position.
Promote rest to patient.
Administer medication as prescribed by the doctor.
Nursing care plan
Allow patient to assume a position that relieves pain.
Encourage personal hygiene.
Monitor and record vital signs.
Administer treatment as prescribed.
Nursing care plan
Assess pain adequately to get baseline data.
Advise patient to be always in comfortable position.
Administer medication as prescribed.
Encourage personal hygiene.
Nursing care plan
Remove excess clothes an blanket.
Give plenty of fluid to flush away infection.
Ensure clean environment.
Monitor intake and output.
Administer medication as prescribed.