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NASA HRP (Изменения в (Anthropometry (Acute phase (Изменения в форме тела,…
NASA HRP
Изменения в
Anthropometry
Acute phase
Изменения в форме тела, размере и позе
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Show an astronaut in space standing rigidly and then relaxing to snap into the neutral body position.
Long-term
увеличение длины костей; общего роста человека на 3%, уменьшение объёма ног и живота
Show dimension changes such as an increase in seated height, decreased abdominal girth, decreased leg volume
Fluid shifts
Acute
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If these changes could be superimposed on the anthropometric changes that would be a better holistic view of the changes (e.g. use the basic human frame in anthropometric animation and show the vascular changes within).
Also show the tissue pressures changing, unloading of the vasculature and increasing transmural pressure.
Show the redistribution of fluids in an astronaut’s body, and the pressure numbers changing along with relative volume distribution of the blood column, which could be amplified.
Long-term
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Show the vascular system in the body with plasma and circulating red blood cells, and sequentially showing 15% of the fluid extravasating from the vessels into the interstitial space (possibly show this eventually moving intracellularly). This occurs predominately in the upper body.
Show the relative hyperconentration of red blood cells, then show the compensatory 15% loss of red blood cells until the concentration gets back to normal.
Zoom into the heart chambers and show the decrease in volume as well as the jugular vein to see the decrease in cross section
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Muscle adaptations
Longterm
мышцы ног, шеи, бедер и туловища без тренировок атрофируются и уменьшаются в объёме. но даже упражнения полностью не спасают, сила мышц уменьшается на11-17%, а выносливость на 10%
Show astronaut and highlight postural areas as the places where they electively lose muscle (lower extremities, lower back, pelvis), zoom in on postural muscle and show losses in postural areas as above (and maybe proliferation of type II fibers); then zoom in on arms / shoulders and point out that there is no muscle loss there
Balance control
Highlight every organ/system that informs position sense and motion control, and show how they are instantly unloaded in microgravity.
Point to the brain as the ventral integrator of these inputs, causing disorientation and space motion sickness.
Bone loss
потеря минеральной плотности костей в 1.6-1.7% для внешнего слоя и 2.2-2.5% для внутренней кости в месяц . Эти потери варьируются и могут быть нелинейными. Потеря внутреннего слоя кости полностью не обратима. Внешний слой может нарасти на Земле.
Show astronaut and highlight postural areas as the places where they electively have bone loss (lower extremities, lower back, pelvis); zoom in on bone to show loss of trabecular bone; then zoom in on arms / shoulders and point out that there is no bone loss there
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