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PREMENSTRUAL TESNSION SYNDROME (signs and symptoms (Abdominal bloating,…
PREMENSTRUAL TESNSION SYNDROME
Risks factors
Smoking and alcohol consumption
Obesity
Diet
Afamily history of depression
Emotional trauma
Physical trauma
Causes
Anemia
endometriosis
Thyroid disease
Irritable bowel syndrome
Chronic fatigue syndrome
signs and symptoms
Abdominal bloating
Sore breasts
Acne
Abdominal pain
Anxiety
Depression
Fatigue
Diagnostic procedures
A physical exam
A gyneological exam
A liver function test
Pathophysiology
The endometrium during ovulatory menstrual cycles
The dominant follicle secretes estradiol which causes the endomentrium to profirate and prepare for potential implantation
After ovulation a corpus luteum develops as the granulosa cells become luteinized
Amenorrhea or absent menstruation, can be either primary or secondary
Primary amenorrhea the lack of menstruation by the age of 15 years with otherwise normal pubertal development
The lack of secondary characteristics by the age of 13 years
Nursing management
When treating women with PMS , GnRH analogue should be resevered for women with most severe symptoms and not recommended routinely unless they are being used to aid diagnosis
When add- back hormone therapy is required, continuous combined HRT is recommended
Women on long -term treatment should have measurement of BMD every year.
Treatment should be stopped if bone density declines significantly