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Energy Fuels (What is ATP? (2: It powers all of the cell's metabolic…
Energy Fuels
What is ATP?
2: It powers all of the cell's metabolic activities, including allowing us to move
3: An ATP molecule consists of adenosine and a chain of three organic phosphate groups bound together by high-energy chemical bonds
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Energy Systems
To resynthesize ATP energy fuels are broken down to resynthesize the ADP and Pi back to ATP. There are 3 energy systems that allow us to resynthesize ATP by breaking down fuels
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Aerobic System
Food fuels are CHO and fats. Chemical fuels are glycogen, glucose and triglycerides
Carbohydrates (CHO)
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Glycemic Index
Ranking of CHO on a scale of 0-100 according to the extent they raise blood glucose levels after eating.
High GI foods (over 70) raise blood glucose levels after eating (e.g. energy drinks, lollies). Used post exercise
Low GI foods (under 55) are absorbed slowly. (e.g. red kidney beans, brown rice, broccoli). Used pre-competition
CHO in the body
When CHO are digested, they are broken down into glucose. Glucose is stored in the muscles and liver as glycogen. Excess CHO is stored as fat (adipose tissue)
As an energy source
Can provide energy for anaerobic (no oxygen) and aerobic (oxygen) glycolysis. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glycogen. At rest it contributes 1/3 of the body's energy requirements
Fats
The mains source of furl at rest and during prolonged submax exercise (e.g. cheese, avocadom butter)
Fats in the body
Broken down in the body and made availiable to the bloodstream as fatty acids and glycerol. They are stored in the muscle as tryglycerides and escess fats are stored as adipose tissue
Fats as an energy source
Provide the most energy when broken down. Require the most oxygen to break down (therefore broken down at a slow rate). Main furl source at rest and low intensity exercise. Become an important fuel source when CHO becomes depleted in endurance events
Protein
Used for muscle repair and growth. Only used for fuel as a last resort. Can be consumed with CHO because when CHO is consumed, insulin is released which increases absorption of amino acids
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Creatine Phosphate
Chemical compound found in muscle cells. Used for the ATP-CP system. 50% of our creatine stores are obtained from the foods we eat (e.g. red meat, salmon). Other 50% is manufactured in the kidneys and liver
The cross-over effect
During prolonged events like marathons, triatholons, the body uses a mixture of CHO and fats. The body does not have enough glycogen stored to last the entire race so needs to increase reliance on fats. If glycogen depletes, the rate fats can be broken down is slower as the body requires CHO to breakdown fats