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Adulthood Development (Biosocial (Growing older -> (senescence) process…
Adulthood Development
Biosocial
Growing older -> (senescence) process of getting older, blood pressure increases, o2 dispersal decreases, brain slows down
Appearance -> skin gets dryer, collagen decreases, hair thins, & grays
Senses -> vision changes (nearsightedness) hearing gets worse (presbycusis) significant loss of hearing
Sexual-reproductive system -> Sexual responsiveness occurs more slowly, variations in sexuality b/w women & men, (infertility) unable to conceive (menopause) menstrual cycle ceases (hormone replacement therapy) taking hormones (andropause) drop in testosterone
Healthy Habits -> exercise protects against serious illness, medication for chronic conditions increases, smoking decreases, alcohol consumption varies, obesity rates increase, mortality rates from obesity increase
Measuring health -> (mortality) measure of death (morbidity) measure of disease (disability) difficulty in performing normal activities (DALYS) disability -adjusted life years - measure of reduced quality of life from disability (vitality) measure of physically , intellectually (QALYS) quality-adjusted measure of high quality of life a person lives
Cognitive
Intelligence changes -> (general intelligence) varying levels of this general ability - cross-sectional decline, longitudinal improvements, (Seattle longitudinal study) 1st cross sequential study of adult intelligence
Components of intelligence-> (fluid) ability short-term memory, abstract thought, & speed of thinking (crystallized) vocabulary & general info increases (3 forms of intelligence) analytic - mental process, creative - innovative, practical - problem solving (cognitive artifacts) intellectual tools passed down from generations
Selective gains & losses -> (selective optimization with compensation) people compensate for physical & cognitive losses
Stressors & coping methods > (avoidant) method of responding to stressor by ignoring it (problem - focused) strategy to deal with stress directly (emotion - focused) deal with stress by changing feelings (religious) turning to faith
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Psychosocial
Personality -> Erikson's theory ; (identity vs role confusion) identity crisis during adolescence (intimacy vs isolation) every adults seek s close relationship (integrity vs despair) combating prejudice & helping humanity ; Maslow's theory -> (humanism) all humans have a need from basic needs (hierarchy of needs) Self-actualization - esteem - love & belonging - safe & secure - physiological
Trait theories -> Big 5 (openness) imaginative & curious (conscientiousness) organized & deliberate (extroversion) outgoing & assertive ( agreeableness) kind & helpful (neuroticism) anxious & moody
Intimacy -> marriage, (LAT) living apart together (social convey) people you move through life with (fictive kin) people accepted into the family who are not genetically or legally members
Generativity -> parents , adoptive parents, stepparents, foster parents, grandparents - care giving (kin keeper) gatherer & communications hub family - (sandwich "squeezed" by needs of younger & older family members
Employment -> (extrinsic rewards of work) tangible benefits that came with employment (intrinsic rewards) personal gratifications that come from employment