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EFFECT OF SELECTION PRESSURES ON SPECIES IN GRASSLANDS (Biotic factors…
EFFECT OF SELECTION
PRESSURES ON SPECIES
IN GRASSLANDS
Biotic factors
cane toads (as a biotic
selection pressure)
niche
originally from north, central
and south America
ate insects mostly and
controlled the beetle population
brought to australia
grasslands
mostly eats insects and beatles,
but has learnt to eat others
now eats anything opportunistic
(whatever fit in its mouth)
compete with other frogs for
water, food and shelter
impacts on native species
most mistake for food
and get poisoned
goanna
learnt to avoid cane toads
snakes
some learn to avoid cane toads
others have higher
bufotoxin resistance
freshwater crocodiles
live in areas where
cane toad eggs are found
Learnt to avoid the eggs
dacyurid
almost extinct
share habitat with cane toads
birds
deal out cane
toad eggs
flip cane toad over
keep away from the
toxic glands
Adaptations
learnt to eat other
things except
insects
Is toxic for all its life
scare predators
reproduces a lot,
more than other anuras
Predators
Cane toads have no
predators in Autsralia
Competitors
daly waters frog
compete for water,
shelter and food
against cane toads
Humans
rubbish and food waste
traps
cane toads now less
vulnerable to traps
diversity
over 200 different plants
plant size varies from rainfall
tall grass
habitat for cane toads
sub tropical plants
perfect for breeding
cane toads
abiotic factors
climate
dry season
lower humidity
anuras cannot breathe
from skin
higher chance of bushfires
danger to life
habitat loss
decrease in water
competition for water
higher chance of
encountering cane toad
death
cane toads compete
with frogs in reproduction
decrease in native frogs
Wet season
Higher humidity
easier for anuras to breathe
growth in plants
more habitats
best time for aquatic life
to breed
temperature
change in water temperature
cane toads can tolerate
5-40 degrees water temp
increased temperature
bushfires
habitat loss
human land clearance
danger to wildlife
Decreased temperature
most animals migrate somewhere else
cane toads population increase
water
availability
habitats
drinking
plant growth
reproduction for anuras
Topography
high elevation
habitat to bigger animals
some small crevices
good spots for small animals to hide
anuras
insects and bugs
dacyurid
selection pressures
changing at all tims
activates natural selection
good adaptations
pass on adaptations to
future gens
possibility for animals to
recover from cane toads
characteristics bad for habitat
migrate
die
specific gene dies