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What affect the effectiveness of washing powder? (Enzyme and substrate…
What affect the effectiveness of washing powder?
Enzyme and substrate concentration
Factors that affect the substrate concentration
Volume of the stain
Factors that affect enzyme concentration
Composition of the washing powder (brand)
Volume of water
Ideology (2)
Increasing enzyme concentration will speed up the reaction, as long as there is substrate available to bind to
Once all of the substrate is bound, the reaction will no longer speed up, since there will be nothing for additional enzymes to bind to
PH value
The optimum PH values for different types of enzymes (1)
Lipase
In pancreas: 8.0
In stomach: 4.0-5.0
Castor oil: 4.7
Pepsin: 1.5-1.6
Trypsin: 7.8-8.7
Amylase
In pancreas: 6.7-7.0
In malt: 4.6-5.2
Catalase: 7.0
Urease: 7.0
Each enzyme has an optimum pH range. Changing the pH outside of this range will slow enzyme activity. Extreme pH values can cause enzymes to denature. (5)
(4)
Temperature
Optimum Temperature
Maximum kinetic energy
Maximum amount (before the enzyme get denatured) of collision between enzymes and substrates
Maximally active
Enzymes do not get denatured
Beyond the optimum temperature (extremely high temperature)
Enzymes get denatured
Protein structure gets changed
Non-reversible
Enzymes activity ceases
Below the optimum temperature
Considerably low temperature
Less amount of collision between enzymes and substrates
Lower enzyme activity
Extremely low temperature
Enzyme activity ceases
Types of enzyme
Composition of the washing powder (3)
Lipase breaks down fats and oils into fatty acid and glycerol
Protease breaks down protein chains (blood, egg, gravy, etc) into amino acids
Amylase breaks down starches into sugar
