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**SELF EFFICACY THEORY
One’s beliefs about their ability to perform a…
**SELF EFFICACY THEORY
One’s beliefs about their ability to perform a task. These beliefs influence how much effort people put forth, how long they will persist in the face of obstacles, how resilient they are in dealing with failures, and how much stress or depression they experience in coping with demanding situations.
Experience
Teachers who put forth outstanding effort with poor results can experience a decreased sense of ability
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Positive experiences encourage teachers to build on success to enhance efficacy in similar experiences
The perception that one's has failed lowers efficacy beliefs, which contributes to the expectation that future failures are likely to occur
Verbal Stimuli
Verbal and social persuasions such as encouragement, supportive messages, and labels affect self-efficacy levels .
To encourage high levels of efficacy, feedback and comments must be constructive
Comments can positively or negatively impact personal efficacy and have the most impact in the early years of teacher development
Examples include:
- A pep talk or specific performance feedback from a supervisor or a colleague;
- The general chatter in the teachers' lounge
- Media chatter about the ability of teachers to influence students
Research shows that social persuasion can contribute to successful performances to the extent that a boost in self-efficacy leads a person to initiate a task, attempt new strategies, persevere in the face of challenges
Emotion
Emotional and physiological states such as stress, anxiety, and mood influence self-efficacy having a negative impact
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Individuals in a less stressful setting would be more likely to maintain their level of confidence, even when exposed to negative situations than individuals in a more stressful setting.
Vicarious Observation
In self-efficacy theory, a skill is modelled by someone else. The closer an observer identifies with the model, the stronger the impact on efficacy
Teachers have been shown to share similar beliefs when in the same schools, contributing to a positive collective sense of efficacy
When someone stands out from the crowd, either positively or negatively, it can impact efficacy levels