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Learning Theories Concept Map (Experiential Learning (View of Knowledge -…
Learning Theories Concept Map
Experiential Learning
View of Knowledge
- As posed by Kolb, there are four elements of learning: 1) Active Experimentation; 2) Concrete Experience; 3) Abstract Conceptualization; 4) Reflective Observation.
View of Learning
- With the learner possessing these four abilities, knowledge is acquired on a continuous basis through this process.
Theorists
- Kolb, Dewey, Lewin, Piaget
How the theory informs instruction
- These four elements can be applied in a learning situation if the subjects are self motivated, have an active interest in learning, while both of these conditions occur during an active learning period,
Transformative Learning
View of Knowledge
- There are two kinds of learning: Instrumental learning which is through task-oriented problem solving as well as cause-effect relationships. Communicative learning which is how individuals express themselves.
View of Learning
- For students to learn, they must critically reflect on their own experiences by interpreting what they see, hear and feel. An important outcome of this process is autonomous thinking.
Theorists
- Mezirow, Taylor, Boyd
How the theory informs instruction
- Educators provide the learner the opportunity to learn how to view and solve problems by exposing the problem in different viewpoints.
Constructivism
View of Knowledge
- Individuals acquire knowledge from lived experiences. Ones culture and environment are the primary drivers of learning.
View of Learning
- When individuals receive new information, they apply it to a pre-existing framework.
Theorists
- Piaget, Vygotsky
How the theory informs instruction
- With the teacher acting as a facilitator, the student acquires their own conclusions by thinking through the problems to determine solutions. It is a creative process as the teacher is not teaching, but merely guiding and providing minimal direction.
Operant Conditioning
View of Learning
- Through reinforcement such as verbal praise or good grade, the positive response is strengthened.
How the theory informs instruction
- Correct answers and behavior that is positively reinforced will reoccur. Through "shaping" information is provided in incremental stages. Through stimulus generalization, secondary conditioning/learning will occur.
View of Knowledge
- Learning results from changes in behavior. The learner only develops responses due to an external stimulus.
Theorists
- Skinner