infertility
is the inability to achieve pregnancy after one year of exposure to unprotected ses.
Infertility is classified as primary when the has been a pregnancy, while secondary infertility is the inability to fall pregnant for the second/subsequent times.
causes
possible causes for female tubal injury or blockage following infection or operation.
Ectopic pregnancy
Endometriosis
Ovulatory and hormonal dissorders
structural abnormalities
Presence of fibriods. polyps and cysts in the uterus, vagina or fallopian tubes
Lack of permeability of the cervical mucus which would allow penetration.
possible causes in males semen production, volume and density.
Motility and morphology/structure of sperms
assessment and common findings
abdominal scars or masses
nursing management
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Advising about timing of intercourse and
other behaviors -
smoking and alcohol
Helping couples to cope with social and
psychological burdens of infertility
Helping couples to consider non-medical
options such as adoption
tubal patency
history of contraceptive use
anatomical abnormalities such as impertorated vagina
health education
importance of attending counselling as required as the couple
risk factors
history of pelvic inflammotory diseases
pelvic injury
iuses of intrauterine contraceptive devices