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Female reproductive disorders (Menorrhagia (pharmacological management…
Female reproductive disorders
Menorrhagia
Definition
Is the medical term for menstrual periods with abnormally heavy or prolonged bleeding.
Causes
Hormone imbalance.
Dysfunction of the ovaries.
Uterine fibroids.
Intrauterine device.
Pathophysiology
Unopposed estrogen allows the endometrium to proliferate and thicken.
The endometrium finally outgrows its blood supply and degenerates.
The end result is asynchronous breakdown of the endometrial lining at different levels.
This also is why anovulatory bleeding is heavier than normal menstrual flow.
Clinical manifestation
Tiredness.
Shortness of breath.
Excessive and prolonged menses may lead to anaemia.
Menstrual flow that includes large blood clots.
nursing management
Monitor saturation in a 24 hour period as anaemia may result.
In some instances combined oral contraceptive may suffice
Monitor blood loss by counting pads.
pharmacological management
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen sodium, help reduce menstrual blood loss.
Hormonal IUD.
Oral contraceptives.
Oral progesterone.
Tranexamic acid.
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
definition
irregular uterine bleeding that occurs in absence of recognizable pelvic pathology
causes
birth control pills
fast weight gain or loss
emotional or physical stress
intrauterine device (IUD)
pathophyisiology
during an ovulatory circle corpus luteum does not form
in ovulatory abnormal uterine bleeding
irregular uterine bleeding occurs
clinical manifestations
heavy menstrual bleeding
bleeding that contains many or large clots
bleeding that lasts more than seven days
bleeding between periods
nursing management
monitor blood loss by counting pads
monitor saturation
assess for signs of anaema
pharmacological management
birth control pills
oral progesterone
non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs