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CANCER OF THE LIVER(HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA) (CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS…
CANCER OF THE LIVER(HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA)
DEFINITION
tumours of the liver may be primary or secondary (metastatic) in origin
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
it is often associated with chronic liver diseases including chronic hepatitis B or C.
metastatic tumours of the liver occur due to its high rate of blood flow,size and its portal drainage input from the major abdominal organs.
hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver cancer.
melanomas and tumours of the gastrointestinal tract,lung and breasts cause greater liver metastates than do tumours of the prostate,thyroid or skin.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
vomiting and nausea
weakness
nausea with minor temparature elevation
a dull abdominal pain and tenderness in the epigastrium or right upper quadrant region
pulmonary emboli may occur
NURSING INTERVENTION
weigh daily to assess weight gain
increase activity slowly as tolerated with intervals of rest to conserve energy and patient's strength
promote rest and allow for uninterrupted periods of relaxation durind acute phase illness
prevent an increase of weakness
do oral care before before mwals to remove foul taste to reduce vomiting
EXPECTED OUTCOME
abdominal distension, and appetite improved
nausea and vomiting stopped and normal weight gain maintained
activity tolerance improved
muscle strength and normal body weight gained
EVALUATION
weight gain satisfactory
patient exhibits interest in activists
patient report no nausea and vomiting
COLLABORATIVE MANAGEMENT
cryosurgery
radiation therapy
chemotherapy
liver transplantation
