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Dermatological fungal diseases (Yeast Infection (Health education (Take…
Dermatological fungal diseases
Yeast Infection
Pathophysiology
Candidal vulvovaginitis occurs when Candida species superficially penetrate the mucosal lining of the vagina and cause an inflammatory response.
The dominant inflammatory cells are typically polymorphonuclear cells and macrophages.
Patients may present with discharge, which is typically thick and adherent, or with excoriations, "external" dysuria, vaginal itching, vaginal burning, dyspareunia, or swelling.
Causes
antibiotics (they decrease the amount of Lactobacillus [“good bacteria”] in the vagina)
pregnancy.
uncontrolled diabetes.
weak immune system.
poor eating habits, including a lot of sugary foods.
hormonal imbalance near your menstrual cycle.
stress.
lack of sleep.
Clinical manifestation
Itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva
A burning sensation, especially during intercourse or while urinating
Redness and swelling of the vulva
Vaginal pain and soreness
Vaginal rash
Thick, white, odor-free vaginal discharge with a cottage cheese appearance
Watery vaginal discharge
Complications
extensive redness, swelling and itching that leads to tears, cracks or sores.
Diagnostic studies
Ask questions about your medical history.
This might include gathering information about past vaginal infections
or sexually transmitted infections.
Perform a pelvic exam. Your doctor examines your external genitals for signs of infection. Next, your doctor places an instrument (speculum)
into your vagina to hold the vaginal walls open to examine the vagina and cervix — the lower, narrower part of your uterus.
Test vaginal secretions. Your doctor may send a sample of vaginal fluid for testing to determine the type of fungus causing the yeast infection.
Identifying the fungus can help your doctor prescribe more effective treatment for recurrent yeast infections.
Treatment
Single-dose oral medication. Your doctor might prescribe a one-time, single oral dose of fluconazole (Diflucan).
Short-course vaginal therapy. Taking an antifungal medication for three to seven days will usually clear a yeast infection.
Antifungal medications — which are available as creams, ointments, tablets and suppositories — include miconazole (Monistat 3) and terconazole.
Nursing management
Assess the discharge and swelling
Take the specimen by using sterile speculum
Use aseptic techniques to perform perennial care
Give anti fungal medications as prescribed
Remove tight and warm underwears
Discourage a patient from using deodorants toiletries
Health education
Take your medicines exactly as prescribed.
Call your doctor or nurse call line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine.
Ask your doctor about over-the-counter (OTC) medicines for yeast infections.
They may cost less than prescription medicines. If you use an OTC treatment,
read and follow all instructions on the label.
Do not use tampons while using a vaginal cream or suppository.
The tampons can absorb the medicine. Use pads instead.
Wear loose cotton clothing. Do not wear nylon or other fabric that holds body heat and moisture close to the skin.
Try sleeping without underwear.
Do not scratch. Relieve itching with a cold pack or a cool bath.
Do not wash your vaginal area more than once a day. Use plain water or a mild, unscented soap. Air-dry the vaginal area.
Change out of wet swimsuits after swimming.
Do not have sex until you have finished your treatment.
Do not douche.