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Computing Machinery and Intelligence By Alan Turing (The Imitation Game,…
Computing Machinery and Intelligence
By Alan Turing
The Imitation Game
“Can machines think?”
Will the interrogator decide wrongly as often when the game is played like this as he does when the game is played between a man and a woman? These questions replace our original,
Critique of the new Problem
The new problem has the advantage of drawing a fairly sharp line between the physical and the intellectual capacities of a man
Some other advantages of the proposed criterion may be shown up by specimen questions and answers.
The Machines Concerned in the Game
A number of interrogators could be used, and statistics compiled to show how often the right identification was given
Digital Computers
An interesting variant on the idea of a digital computer is a “digital computer with a random element.”
Universality of Digital Computers
Everything really moves continuously. But there are many kinds of machine which can profitably be thought of as being discrete state machines. For instance in considering the switches for a lighting system it is a convenient fiction that each switch must be definitely on or definitely off.
Contrary Views on the Main Question
The main opposing opinions are based on
Arguments from Various Disabilities
The Argument from Consciousness
The Mathematical Objection
The "Heads in the Sand" Objection
Lady Lovelace’s Objection
Argument from Continuity in the Nervous System
The Argument from Informality of Behaviour
The Argument from Extra-Sensory Perception
The Theological Objection
Learning Machines
The only really satisfactory support that can be given for the view expressed at the beginning of § 6, will be that provided by waiting for the end of the century and then doing the experiment described. But what can we say in the meantime? What steps should be taken now if the experiment is to be successful?
Daniela Porras Quirós
2015071255