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DISOREDERS OF MENSTRUATION ((CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS (Bleeding for longer…
DISOREDERS OF MENSTRUATION
Menorrhagia- is a menstrual periods with abnormally or prolonged bleeding
CAUSES
-Hormonal imbalance
Intrauterine contraceptive device
Uterine fibroids
Pelvic inflammatory diseases
Gynecological conditions such as blood clotting defects
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
-Unopposed estrogen allows the endometrium to proliferate and thickens.
-The endometrium finally outgrows its blood supply and degenerate.
-The end results is asynchronous break down of the endometrial lining at different levels.
-This also is why anovulatory bleeding is heavier than normal menstrual flow.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Soaking through one or more sanitary pads or tampons every hour for several consecutive hours.
Needing to use double sanitary protection to control your menstrual flow
Needing to wake up to change sanitary protection during the night
Bleeding for longer than a week
Passing blood clots larger than a
Restricting daily activities due to heavy menstruation flow
Symptoms of anemia such as tiredness, fatigue or shortness of breath
PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS
Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs
Combined oral contraceptives
Tranexamic acid
Cyclical progesterone
The levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding: is menstrual periods with abnormal or prolonged bleeding
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Unopposed oestrogen allows the endometrium to proliferate and thickens.
The endometrium finally outgrows its blood supply and degenerate
The end results is asynchronous break down of the endometrial lining at different levels
-This also is why anovulatory bleeding is heavier than normal menstrual flow
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Bleeding for longer than a week
Needing to wake up to change sanitary protection during the night
Passing large blood clots
Soaking through one or more sanitary pads every hour for several consecutive hours
Restricting daily activities due to heavy menstruation flow
Symptoms of anaemia such as tiredness, fatigue or shortness of breath
RISK FACTORS
Age- it occurs years after puberty and before menopause
Endocrine disorders
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Obesity
Other anovulatory disorders
CAUSES
Uterine fibroids
Intrauterine contraceptive devices
Gynecological conditions such as blood clotting defects
Pelvic inflammatory diseases
Hormonal imbalance
PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT
Contraceptive methods such as IUDs
Intravenous oestrogen
Combination of oral contraceptives. They contain synthetic oestrogen and progesterone. These both work to control and regulate the menstrual cycle.
Anti-fibrinolytic tranexamic acid
Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs