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ABORTION (THERAPEUTIC AND PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT (Provide privacy,…
ABORTION
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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- Abortion becomes inevitable when the uterine contractions strengthens, then vaginal bleeding increases, and the cervix becomes soft, and the cervical os progressively dilates.
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- For an abortion to occur, the uterus must contract. The contraction may follow the stimulus eg. a blow to the abdomen
- The patient may describe these as menstrual cramps. Blood may gush or ooze depending on the stage of the condition.
- Through all this, the cervix may remain closed. At this stage the abortion is said to be threatening
The expulsion of the uterine contents follows. Should the foetus, membranes and placenta be completely expelled, the abortion is said to be complete
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DEFINITION
Abortion- is a premature delivery of a non-viable fetus, spontaneous or by induction, before the 20th week of gestation.
CAUSES
Causes of spontaneous abortion is unknown, but they are associated with fetal as well as maternal conditions
maternal causes
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- Unfavorable intrauterine environmental factors, such as the presence of an intrauterine contraceptive device, excessive consumption of alcohol and cigarette.
- Hormonal imbalances where there is sudden drop in progesterone levels
- Uterine structural abnormality such as double uterus
Maternal chronic illness, such as Diabetes mellitus
Uterine tumors, such as fibrous and cysts
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Fetal causes
- Fetus with an ABO blood incompatibility problem
- Fetal abnormalities that are incompatible with life such as anencephaly
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