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Year 8 HASS Medieval History ~Term 3~ (Feudalism (Feudalism ended because…
Year 8 HASS Medieval History ~Term 3~
Belief systems and religions
Belief systems and religions were the foundations on which all societies across the medieval world were built.
Influenced almost every aspect of life
The religion of Christianity offered people hope during this difficult time
the "birth" of the modern world
The fall of these powerful empires left room for different groups of people to move into their territories looking for new regions to settle and riches to plunder (steal).
At the start of the period, much of this movement took place across Europe. This was a direct result of the collapse of the Roman Empire
7 key of history
evidence
Evidence is the information gathered from historical sources
primary sources – objects created or written at the time
secondary sources – accounts about the past that were created after the time
empathy
empathy is the ability to ‘walk in someone else’s shoes’ – to be aware of, and sensitive to, their feelings, thoughts and experiences
Empathising brings history to life
It connects us as human beings regardless of how much time has passed.
cause and effect
The concept of cause and effect is used by historians to identify chains of events and developments, both in the short term and in the long term
The ‘why’ and ‘what’ of history.
significance
The concept of significance relates to the importance assigned to aspects of the past
In order to determine if a person, event, development, discovery, movement or site is historically significant, historians may ask the following questions
How important was this to people who lived at that time?
How many people were affected?
To what degree were people’s lives affected?
How widespread and long-lasting were the effects?
Can the effects still be felt today?
continuity and change
Historians refer to aspects of the past that have remained the same over time as continuities
over time some things stay the same, while others change
contestability
The concept of contestability relates to explanations or interpretations of past events that are open to debate
historians draw different conclusions about what they are seeing
Even historians studying the same sources can sometimes come to very different conclusions about what the evidence is telling them
perspective
Perspective is a point of view
the position from which people see and understand events going on in the world around them
Despite their own perspectives, historians must try to understand the different values and beliefs that shaped and affected the lives of people who lived in the past
Feudalism
classifies its members from top to bottom
everyone had certain rights and responsibilities
Feudalism was a way of organising a society through a hierarchy
It was a social system based on rights and obligations relating to land ownership
Feudalism was introduced across Western Europe between the 8th and 11th centuries
Obligations were mutual (two-way)
The king/lord had an obligation to the nobles directly below him, ect
The peasants had obligations to the knights directly above them, ect
Feudalism ended because of:
The Crusades
New trades and ideas
The black death
The Crusades and their Effects
The crusades were a series of conflicts between Christians and Muslims during the 11th – 13th Century
Effect of the crusades
Western Europe desired products from the East. Like apricots, rice, and cotton which increased trade and the exchange of ideas
As nobles and knights died, kings retook their lands and gained more power
Jews didn’t trust Christians because Christians attacked Jews during the crusades
With the growth in trade came the desire to explore and discover unknown lands. This, in turn, brought new ideas, greater knowledge and more inventions.
New castle designs and weapons
Weakening of the feudal system and the development of a more money-based economy
New inventions and devices (e.g. the windmill, the magnetic compass, new ways of drawing maps)
New products and goods (e.g. foods, perfumes, precious metals and stones)
New ways of practising medicine (Arabic medicine was far more advanced than that in Europe at the time)
The growth of more towns and cities
takeover of Jerusalem by the Seljuk Turks in 1050
Constantinople - under Christian rule
Many young peasants who took part in the Crusades were encouraged by their local parish priests to join the fight
During this deeply religious time, most Christians believed that taking part would be a sure way of gaining entry into heaven
Christianity and the Church
The organisation and influence of the medieval Church
• This changed in 1050, when a group known as the Seljuk Turks, who had recently converted to Islam, took control of Jerusalem
• The most sacred pilgrimage site for all Christians was the Holy City of Jerusalem. The Holy Land had been held by Muslim Arabs since 637 CE
• Journeys, known as pilgrimages, were designed to prove Christians’ loyal devotion to God
• Churches established schools, universities, provided care for the poor and offered legal advice and other community services
• The Church was responsible for providing a great deal of practical help.
• The Church provided many benefits.
• Most importantly, bishops also held the authority to excommunicate any Christian who did not follow Church law
• Priests and bishops had the power to control church courts and church property
• By the middle of the 11th century, the Church was a well-organised hierarchy
The spread of christianity
• In 800, the Pope crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor in order to strengthen ties between the Church and the ruler of Europe
• Charlemagne was a dedicated and passionate believer in Christianity and made constant efforts to improve the religious life across his realm
• The influence of Christianity across Europe increased under the rule of Charlemagne
• Christianity influenced the arts, education, medicine, architecture and even wars
• over time it became accepted and was declared the official religion of the Roman Empire in the late 4th century CE
• Christianity was one of the legacies/continuities of ancient Rome
The black death
Killed 60% of Europe's population
It was a deadly pandemic made of three types of plague
Bubonic
Pneumonic
Septicemic
a lot of lords died
vassals didn't see why they needed to be controlled
vassals started doing things their own way
vassals stopped worrying about serving others
People questions god because they thought he was making all these bad things happen
changed or lost religion
wondered why the churches taught the way they did
lost faith in god
