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Chapter 23: Seed Plants II: Angiosperms (Monocots (Liliales (highly…
Chapter 23: Seed Plants II: Angiosperms
Eudicots
Rosid Clade
malvids
fabids
important to evolution
important to economics
Asterid Clade
campanulids
lamiids
greatest number of species
60,000
used in medicine
Basal Eudicots
santalales
small order
highly modified plants
mostly parasitic
caryophyllales
other flowering plants
anthyocyanin pigments
water-soluble pigments
betalains
nutritive tissue
perisperm
surrounds developing embryo
Changing Concepts About Early Angiosperms
ranalean flower
C.E. Bessey developed hypothesis
100 years ago
Magnolia type flower
relictual
generalized
has all parts
stamens
carpels
most superior
petals
sepals
oldest wood
Aptian Epoch
125 million years ago
Japan
Classification of Flowering Plants
eudicots
dicotyledon
largest group of flowering plants
angiosperms
produces seeds enclosed within carpel
monocots
#
one cotyledon
on each embryo
leaves have parallel veins
elongate and strap shaped
flowers
parts arranged in threes
three stamens
three carpels
three sepals
Monocots
Commelinoid
Poales
bromeliads
cattails
Zingiberales
banana
ginger
Arecales
coconut
Asparagales
septa
carpels fuse
fused sides
open areas secrete nectar
septal nectaries
Dioscoreales
only 1 family
Dioscoreaceae
yams
starchy "tubers"
major carbohydrates for people
in tropical areas
Liliales
highly derived families
11 families
1300 species
Liliaceae
many ornamental plants, mostly bulbs
"typical" monocot
petaloid
large, colorful leaves
spots or lines on petals
Basal Angiosperms
#
uniaperturate
pollen grains
single germination pore
only a few hundred species
Amborella, Nymphaeales and Austrobaileyales