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Oncology - Leukemias (*Leukemias 2 classes with their own subtypes from…

- - - - AML = Acute Myelogenious Leukemia
        
        Auer rods present
        
        Vit. A treatment
        
        Clinical Cases
        
        APL = Acute promyelocytic Leukemia
        
        Notes:
        
        APL have translocation mutation at chromosome 14 and 15
        --> t(14,15)
        
        APL has unique AUER rods in the cytoplasm of promyelocytes of blood smears that also have large folded nuclei
        
        Clinical Case
        
        Notes:
        
        note that
        
        Clinical Case
        
        CML = Chronic Myelogenious Leukemia
        
        Philadelphia chromosome t(9,22)
        
        genes BCR - ABL
        
        imatinib tyrosine kinase inhibitor
        
        "ALL MY LITTLE AUERS are ALL GROWN UP...
        growing up in PHILI at ages 9 and 22...
        they were IMAGINATIVE and BIKE READY and ABLe"
        
        ALL MY LITTLE AUERS = AML / myeloid leukemias are called myelogenious
        --> either acute or chronic
        --> Auer = Auer rods in acute AML
        --> Vit. A responsive = retinoic acid
        
        ages 9 and 22 PHILI = translocation at 9 and 22 for CML
        --> Philadelphia Chromosome
        
        BIKE READY and ABLe = genes in Phili are BCR-ABL
        --> 9 = BCR
        --> 22 = ABL
        
        IMAGINATIVE = Imatinib is Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor for Philadelphia BCR-ABL
    - - "Long LYMPH ALL Hairy Berry, CLLassy Ladies"
        
        LYMPH Ladies = lymphoid leukemias
        
        ALL = Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
        --> spreads to ALL your manhood = brain (CNS) and testes
        --> check for in ALL Down's Syndrome
        
        Hairy Berry = Hairy Cell leukemia
        --> Hairy B cells
        
        CLLassy Ladies = Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
        --> CLL = crushed little lymphocytes = smudge cells
        --> think chronic pressure --> crushes them
  - - - Bone Marrow Transplantation
        (for Leukemia)
        
        Notes:
        
        note that bone marrow transplant may be one of the only reasons where you could get a different karyotype for a peripheral blood karyotype
        
        as long as the HLA = human Leukocyte Antigens are the same for the recipient and the donor, the karyotype can be completely different
        
        Clinical Case
      - Clinical Case
        
        Notes:
        
        note that
        
        Clinical Case