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EDUCATION (e) (issues (unsatisfactory pre-school e(PSE) (unsatisfactory…

- - - - failure to achieve class-appropriate learning levels
      - learning deficits carry to next classes
- - - - issues
        
        doesn't guarantee quality e
      - recommendations
        
        hiring/assessing teachers on merit/results
        
        launch time bound program to achieve age appropriate literacy/numerical skills for all
        
        reward-incentives/consequences for S doing good/failing to meet min. learning outcomes
        
        tech based study models
        
        also include 9th-12th class --->will reduce dropouts
        
        give bicycles to increase mobility
      - highlights
        
        free/compulsory elementary e
        
        attendence
        
        completion (till 8th)
        
        admission
        
        monitored by national commission for protection of child rights
        
        admission in age appropriate class
        
        teacher pupil ratio
        
        primary - 1:30
        
        upper primary - 1:35
        
        range
        
        primary - within 1 km
        
        upper primary - within 3 km
        
        25% seats reservation in private/unaided schools for EWS category (exception-minority institutions)
        
        detention power to state govt - in class 5th and/or 8th
        
        implemented by SarvSA
        
        no physical/mental harassment allowed
        
        provision for teacher training
      - steps taken
        
        NCERT dev 'learning indicators' to determine learning outcomes
        
        NCERT dev PINDICS- performance indicators for elementary school(S) teachers(T)
  - - - 4.1
        
        by 2030, all boys/girls have access to primary/sec e
        
        4.5
        
        by 2030, eliminate gender disparities in e
    - - art 26 - right to free e
  - - - 21A - 86th CAA
        
        free/compulsory e for 6-14 age
    - - 41
        
        right to e in certain cases(old age, sickness)
      - 45
        
        e to child below 6
      - 46
        
        e to weaker sections
    - - 51A(k)
        
        provide e by parents for 6-14 age child
- - - - 'intelligence plus character' - that is goal of true e. - martin luther king
      - literacy is a bridge from misery to hope. - kofi annan
      - education is the most powerful weapon you can use to change the world - mandela
    - - education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learnt in school - einsten
      - education is the manifestation of perfection already in man - vivekananda
    - - 'swadeshe pujyate raja, vidwan sarvatra pujyate' - king is honoured only in his country, but learned is honoured throughout
      - live as if you were to die tomorrow. learn as if you were to live forever. - gandhi
- - - - cheap data charges
      - no commutation, waiting - also saves time
      - high penetration of mobiles and computers
    - - logistics
        
        teacher doesn't need to give same classes agin2
        
        one teacher can teach lager groups - solves teacher shortage problem
        
        not much infra required
    - - pause the lecture, see more than one
      - easily post doubts - helps esp introvert kids
    - - use slides for diagrams, videos etc
  - - - cheating - eg: online exam
      - isolation - no touch with other learners
      - plagiarism - eg: copying assignments
      - ensuring self discipline - easier to get distracted
      - better learning and env in a classroom
    - - despite high penetration, not everyone has phones, laptops
      - no telecom network
      - even where there is network there is issue of internet speed and network quality
    - - teachers not trained to teach online
      - infra and technology like electronic writing pad, internet connection not available everywhere
  - - - state-NGO-CSR portal to aid innovation
    - - single point repository of learning resources - dev by IIT kharagpur
    - - services to schools
    - - to identify areas of improvement in students/teachers and implement changes
    - - depository of best e practices, supervises SSA
    - - digital library of downloadable school books
    - - monitoring school - school evaluation system
    - - teachers connect/training
    - - online library for visually impaired
    - - e on DTH-TV
    - - online courses for school/higher e
    - - single point repository of e(electronic) resources, eg - NCERT books
    - - make classroom (9th class-higher e) digital
    - - teaching experiments without physical labs, of Meity
- - - - infant is born with capacity to learn, but how much and what all she can learn is influenced by environvent
      - ICDS provides rations but doesnt provide psycho-social stimulation for mental dev
        
        soln - additional worker trained in care and stimulation for brain dev in every anganwadi
      - 1-1000 days, ie, first 3 years - child develop fundamental cognitive and interpersonal skills
        
        are dev by providing care and psycho social stimulation through 5 sensory organs
        
        its frequency and intensity determines level of intelligence and mental dev
      - child care project PHULWARI- can be looked by policymakers for reference
  - - - purpose
        
        prepare child physically/mentally/emotionally/socially for formal e
        
        prevent poor performance
        
        prevent early drop-out
    - - flagship program for 3-6 child under
        
        ICDS
        
        additional nutrition
        
        health e and checkups
        
        informal pre-school e
        
        immunisation
        
        referral services
        
        facts
        
        by 2014, 3.5 crore lakhs children (3-6) benefitted
- - - - poor GER - 25.2%(18-23 age group)
        
        female - 24.5%
        
        STs - 15.9%
      - poor gender parity index - 0.94(2016-17)
    - - burden of admin functions has shifted focus from academics/research
      - over-centralisation, lack of accountability, transparency, professionalism
    - - research concentrated in specialised govt research institutes limiting universities to largely play teaching role
      - mismatch b/w courses taught and industry requirements - unemployability
    - - faculty shortage - state's inability to attract/retain T, Ad-hoc expansion
  - - - reform regulatory system
        
        how
        
        3 tier university(U) system
        
        tier 1
        
        research focused U
        
        full autonomy with high standards of transparency
        
        tier 2
        
        employment focused U
        
        light regulation
        
        give flexibility to respond to shifts in market job composition
        
        timely evaluation
        
        tier 3
        
        focus - HE to all
        
        to be most regulated
        
        currently poorly performing
      - system for public funding
        
        for research in specific areas of public importance
        
        prize system - funding to research groups delivering solutions to specified problems
      - increased focus on vocational/skill led e
        
        estd standards and outcome based certification for C
        
        include vocational subjects in mainstream U
        
        focus on skills having increased demand in future. eg: paramedics
    - - how
        
        narayan murthy committee rec