Natural Order Hypothesis
The Natural Order Hypothesis maintains that people acquire parts of second language in a natural order. This idea has been extended to account for second language acquisition in Krashen's theory of language acquisition.
Learners of English as a second language generally acquire the grammatical structure of yes-no questions before the grammatical structure of wh- questions. Furthermore, according to the hypothesis, the order of acquisition remains the same regardless of explicit instruction; in other words, explicit teaching and learning cannot change the natural order of acquisition.
Phonotactics
the study of the rules governing the possible phoneme sequences in a language.
For example, although /bl/ is a permissible sequence at the start of a syllable, it cannot occur at the end of one; conversely, /nk/ is permitted at the end, but not the start."
(Michael Pearce, The Routledge Dictionary of English Language Studies. Routledge, 2007)
Morphology
Morphology is the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language
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Morphology is important for ELLs in that it gives the explanation of how new words are formed , or how they are made plural etc.
Bound Morpheme and Free Morpheme
A bound morpheme is a word element that cannot stand alone as a word, including both prefixes and suffixes. ... Represented in sound and writing by word segments called morphs, bound morphemes can further be broken down into two categories, derivational and inflectional morphemes.
For example, “cat” is a free morpheme, and the plural suffix “-s” is a bound morpheme. Bound morphemes are divided into two types inflectional ( grammatical markrs) and derivational morphemes.
A free morpheme is a morpheme (or word element) that can stand alone as a word. Also called an unbound morpheme or a free-standing morpheme. Contrast with bound morpheme. Many words in English consist of a single free morpheme. ... There are two basic kinds of free morphemes: content words and function words
Compound Sentence and complex Sentence
Compound Sentence is a sentence with more than one subject or predicate.
Compound Sentence e
A compound sentence has at least two independent clauses that have related ideas. The independent clauses can be joined by a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) or by a semicolon, as you can see in the compound sentence examples below.