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Deaf Education & Deaf Culture (Types of Schools (Self-Contained…
Deaf Education & Deaf Culture
Early Identification
Newborn Screening
Referral to an Audiologist
Finding support for all language and educational development of the deaf child
Parents
A critical part of the Deaf education of a deaf child
Finding information and support organizations for the child and the parents
American Society for Deaf Children
"The American Society for Deaf Children (ASDC) is committed to empowering diverse families with deaf* children and youth by embracing full access to language-rich environments through mentoring, advocacy, resources, and collaborative networks."
"We believe deaf children are entitled to full language and communication access. We also believe that language development, respect for deaf individuals, and access to deaf mentors are important to ensure optimal intellectual, social and emotional development"
http://deafchildren.org/about/core-values/
Hands & Voices
"Hands & Voices is a non-profit, parent-driven organization dedicated to supporting families of children who are deaf or hard of hearing. We are non-biased about communication methodologies and believe that families can make the best choices for their child if they have access to good information and support"
https://handsandvoices.org/about/index.htm
AG Bell
"The Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, also known as AG Bell, is a resource, support network and advocate for listening, learning, talking and living independently with hearing loss."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell_Association_for_the_Deaf_and_Hard_of_Hearing
National ASL & English Bilingual Consortium for Early Childhood Education
"Our mission is to promote the development, management, and coordination of ASL and English bilingual early childhood education for children who are deaf and hard of hearing and their families so that families are afforded the option of choosing ASL and English bilingual early childhood education for their child"
http://www.bilingualece.org/about-us.html
Integrating ASL and Deaf Culture Into Curriculum
Effective curriculum design means that teachers need to be aware of the deaf students' challenges with reading and writing
Integrating ASL and Deaf Culture into curriculum at all levels
Provide a visual way of presenting information
Utilizing technology
Deaf Space in Classrooms and Schools
Specialized Education
1975- Public Law 94-142 Education of Handicapped Children Act
Individuals With Disabilities Act
Regardless of school placement, all disabled children should be expected to perform as nondisabled children do
A: placement in the least restrictive environment
A ; Protecting the rights of children with disabilities and their parents
A:Free and appropriate public education
C: Protects infants and toddlers from birth to age 3 with disabilities
B: Assistance for the education of all children with disabilities ages 3 to 21 years old
D: National support programs through the federal government
ESSA (2015) allows states to develop their own testing and student achievement standards
No Child Left Behind Act
Child First
Individual needs of the deaf child should be considered first when placing and providing education to a deaf child
Manual/Oral Controversy
1880: International Congress of Milan voted to ban the use of sign language
After debates with a strong supporter of spoken language, Alexander Graham Bell, Edward Miner Gallaudet developed the "combined approach" as a compromise that used spoken and sign language
1960s: oral methods were failing and more ASL was included in deaf education programs.
1968: Judith Williams publish a study on language acquisition in deaf children who used ASL.
Communication and Language Approaches
Monolingual Oral/Aural Approach
Total Communication Approach
Contact Signing
Manual Codes of English
SimCom
Cued Speech
ASL/ English Bilingual approach
Types of Schools
Self-Contained Classes
Inclusion, Mainstreaming, Itinerant and Coenrollement Programs
Day Schools
Charter Schools/ Alternative Educational Approaches
State or Center Schools for the Deaf
Juvenile Corrections