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Chapter 20 Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts (Division…

- - - - apex of sporangium
        
        cap-like lid
    - - cell breakage
    - - narrow stalk
    - - layer of cells from archegonium
    - - simple apical sporangium
    - - small bulbous tissue
  - - - archegonia
        
        eggs occur in the megagmetangia
      - antheridia
        
        sperms produced in microgametangia
    - - protonema
        
        branch system of similar cells #
    - - hydroids
        
        the innermost cortex
        
        conduct water
        
        dissolved minerals
      - leptoids
        
        cells that resemble sieve cells
      - rhizoids
        
        base of stem
        
        small multicellular trichome-like structures
        
        penetrates surface of substrate
    - - gametophores #
        
        leafy stems
- - - - Bryophyta
    - - Anthocerotophyta
    - - Hepatophyta
- - - - cells pushed upward
        
        replaced by basal meristem
        
        active over long periods
        
        depends on moisture availability and temperature