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Vascular Plants without Seeds (Mgaphyll Line of Evolution (origin of…
Vascular Plants without Seeds
Concepts
dibionic life cycle
multicellular gamete and sporophyte
monobionic
one unicellular generation
interpolation hypothesis
small sporophyte existed
mitotically
transformation theory
after diabonic life cycle
gametophyte and sporophyte large
alternate isomorphic generations
Early Vascular Plants
Rhyniophytes
equal dichotomous branching
equal size/vigor
cuticle
parenchyma cortex
simple xylem
sporangium had to open
Xylem Structure
prostele
center solid ma of xylem
no pith
endarch prostele
protoxylem on center
metaxylem on outer edge
exarch postele
metaxylem in center
protoxyler in outer edges
siphonostele
type of steele
pith in center
seed plants
has siphonostele
release pores
Zosterophyllophytes
small herbs
enations
outgrowths
increased photosynthetic area
no secondary growth
Microphyll Line of Evolution
Lycophytes
morphology
microphylls
"leaves"
4cm long enations
heterospory
clustered sprorangia
strobili
cones
protection
Extant Genera
ligule
small flap of tissue
distnguishes salaginellas from lycopodiums
enations evolving
Mgaphyll Line of Evolution
Euphyllophytes
Trimerophytes
overtopping
one stem more vigorous
pseudomonopodial branching
single main trunk
1968, 3 genera extint
trimerophyton
psilophyton
Pertica
origin of megaphylls
euphylls
megapyllus plants
megaphylls
leaves evolved from plant systems
telome theory
summarizes magaphyll volution
telomes
ultimate twigs
plantation
all subedivisions one plane
webbing
parenchyma
between telomes and lower branching
sporophyll
sporangium-bearing, leaf-like structure
euphyllophytes
monophyletic clade
monilophytes
#
3 synapomorphies
1) exarch xylem in roots
2) have megaphylls
3) 30-kilobase inversion
euphyllophytes: 2 sister clades
monilophytes
ferns
lignophytes
woody plants
equisetophytes
sporangiophore
5-10 umbrella shape
monopodial growth
main trunk
lateral branches
true leaves and roots
arthrphyta
hoarsetails/scouring rushes
15 extant species
ferns
leaf trace
diverges from siphonostele
leaf gap
small segment
vascular cylinder
leptosporagiate ferns
more than 12,00
most familiar
Eusporangia
multilayered plane
inner cells
sporangium tissue
outer cells
sporangium wall
leptsporangia
small, outward protrusion
form genera
for isolated plant parts
"Vascular Cryptogams"
plants of this chapter
"ferns and fern allies"
