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07 Particle Physics (The Structure of Matter (Feynman Diagram (Time axis …
07 Particle Physics
The Structure of Matter
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Radioactive Decay
occurs when a big, unstable nucleus loses energy by emitting alpha, beta or gamma particle
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Particles
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Fermions
Quarks
Charge :zap:
- Up, charm, top :arrow_right: 2/3 charge
- Down, strange, bottom :arrow_right: -1/3 charge
Baryon number
- Quark: 1/3
- Not a quark: 0
- Anti-quark: -1/3
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Leptons
Charge :zap:
- electron, muon, tau (\(e,\mu,\tau\)): -1
- neutrinos (\(v_e,v_\mu,v_\tau\)): 0
Lepton Number
- Leptons: 1
- Anti-leptons: -1
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Gauge Bosons
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Weak force mediated by w+, w- or z0 bosons
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Interaction possibility
- Baryon number:
- Lepton number:
- Charge:
- Strangeness:
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Atomic Energy Levels
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\(E=hf\)
- Using \(v=f\lambda\)
- Letting \(v=c\)
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Radiation
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Beta-Decay
In beta + decay
Proton turns into neutron, emitting positron \(e^+\) and neutrino
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In beta - decay
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Neutron turns into proton, emitting electron \(e^-\) and anti-neutrino
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Nuclear Stability Curve
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Increasing number of neutrons required to
contribute to attractive strong force without contributing to electrostatic repulsion
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Beta plus decay
Choose gauge bosons \(W^\pm,Z^0\) based on sum of charges at both junctions
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- Find mass of constituent
nucleons
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If mass is in u's, \(\delta\times 931.5\)
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If mass is in u's, \(\delta\times 931.5\)
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If polarity is "-", energy is supplied
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- :arrow_up:: up quark
- :arrow_double_up:: up antiquark
- :arrow_down:: down quark
- :arrow_double_down:: down antiquark
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Don't exclude electrons if both sides have same electron mass (usually happens when neutron is produced)